{
  "batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_coinbase_trading_fees",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Coinbase: Money.fees",
      "summary": "Coinbase charges a 1% limit order execution fee and a 1.875% Coinbase fee (varies by payment method) on simple limit orders on crypto.",
      "body": "Coinbase charges a 1% limit order execution fee and a 1.875% Coinbase fee (varies by payment method) on simple limit orders on crypto.\n\nWhat Coinbase Help Center actually says:\n\n“Coinbase charges a separate limit order execution fee equal to 1% of the amount you trade for each limit buy and limit sell order. Coinbase may also charge a 1.875% Coinbase fee (varies by payment method).”\n\nNote: Fee schedule from Coinbase Help Center pricing and fees disclosures page; percentage figures quoted verbatim from source.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://help.coinbase.com/en/coinbase/trading-and-funding/pricing-and-fees/fees?country=US&currency=USD&mobile=false&japan_bespoke_content=false&logged_in=false&null=",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Coinbase Help Center",
      "evidence_quote": "Coinbase charges a separate limit order execution fee equal to 1% of the amount you trade for each limit buy and limit sell order. Coinbase may also charge a 1.875% Coinbase fee (varies by payment method).",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Coinbase",
      "topic": "Money.fees",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "coinbase",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_coinbase_usdc_processing_fee",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Coinbase: Money.fees",
      "summary": "Coinbase applies a 0.10% USDC processing fee on net conversion amounts above $5 million within a 30-day rolling period.",
      "body": "Coinbase applies a 0.10% USDC processing fee on net conversion amounts above $5 million within a 30-day rolling period.\n\nWhat Coinbase Help Center actually says:\n\n“A 0.10% USDC processing fee is applied to any net conversion amount above a $5 million threshold within a 30-day rolling period.”\n\nNote: Source states threshold and percentage; no sample size or method applicable.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://help.coinbase.com/en/coinbase/trading-and-funding/pricing-and-fees/fees?country=US&currency=USD&mobile=false&japan_bespoke_content=false&logged_in=false&null=",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Coinbase Help Center",
      "evidence_quote": "A 0.10% USDC processing fee is applied to any net conversion amount above a $5 million threshold within a 30-day rolling period.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Coinbase",
      "topic": "Money.fees",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "coinbase",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_coinbase_identity_verification",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Coinbase: Access.id",
      "summary": "Coinbase requires government ID, name, address, date of birth, taxpayer identification number, and may collect biometric information for identity verification.",
      "body": "Coinbase requires government ID, name, address, date of birth, taxpayer identification number, and may collect biometric information for identity verification.\n\nWhat Coinbase actually says:\n\n“The information we request may include certain personal information, including, but not limited to, your name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, date of birth, taxpayer identification number, government identification, and information regarding your bank account... and in some cases (where permitted by law), special categories of personal data, such as your biometric information.”\n\nNote: User Agreement Section 1.3 Consent to Access, Processing and Storage of Your Personal Data & Identity Verification.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.coinbase.com/legal/user_agreement/united_states?country=US&currency=USD&mobile=false&japan_bespoke_content=false&logged_in=false&null=",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Coinbase",
      "evidence_quote": "The information we request may include certain personal information, including, but not limited to, your name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, date of birth, taxpayer identification number, government identification, and information regarding your bank account... and in some cases (where permitted by law), special categories of personal data, such as your biometric information.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Coinbase",
      "topic": "Access.id",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "coinbase",
        "topic": [
          "access.id"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_coinbase_chargeback_policy",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Coinbase: Money.payout",
      "summary": "Coinbase does not guarantee reversal of unauthorized transactions and states reporting unauthorized transactions does not guarantee Coinbase will be able to reverse or reimburse.",
      "body": "Coinbase does not guarantee reversal of unauthorized transactions and states reporting unauthorized transactions does not guarantee Coinbase will be able to reverse or reimburse.\n\nWhat Coinbase actually says:\n\n“Reporting an unauthorized transaction does not guarantee Coinbase will be able to reverse the transaction or reimburse you for the transaction.”\n\nNote: Section 3.6 Unauthorized and Incorrect Transactions; no explicit chargeback fee schedule found on source.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.coinbase.com/legal/user_agreement/united_states?country=US&currency=USD&mobile=false&japan_bespoke_content=false&logged_in=false&null=",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Coinbase",
      "evidence_quote": "Reporting an unauthorized transaction does not guarantee Coinbase will be able to reverse the transaction or reimburse you for the transaction.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Coinbase",
      "topic": "Money.payout",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "trouble",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "coinbase",
        "topic": [
          "money.payout"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_kraken_spot_maker_taker_fees",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Kraken: Money.fees",
      "summary": "Kraken Spot Crypto uses a maker-taker fee tier system ranging from 0.40% maker / 0.80% taker (Tier 1) down to 0.00% maker / 0.10% taker (Tier 12) based on 30-day trading volume or assets on platform.",
      "body": "Kraken Spot Crypto uses a maker-taker fee tier system ranging from 0.40% maker / 0.80% taker (Tier 1) down to 0.00% maker / 0.10% taker (Tier 12) based on 30-day trading volume or assets on platform.\n\nWhat Kraken actually says:\n\n“Tier 1 $0+ N/A 0.40% 0.80% ... Tier 12 $10M+10m 0.0% 0.10%”\n\nNote: Fee schedule page, Kraken.com; volume-based discount tiers quoted verbatim.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.kraken.com/en-us/features/fee-schedule",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Kraken",
      "evidence_quote": "Tier 1 $0+ N/A 0.40% 0.80% ... Tier 12 $10M+10m 0.0% 0.10%",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Kraken",
      "topic": "Money.fees",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "kraken",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_kraken_instant_buy_sell_fees",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Kraken: Money.fees",
      "summary": "Kraken charges a 1% trading fee on instant and recurring trades and a 1.5% fee on custom orders, waived for Kraken+ members on trading volume up to $10,000 per month.",
      "body": "Kraken charges a 1% trading fee on instant and recurring trades and a 1.5% fee on custom orders, waived for Kraken+ members on trading volume up to $10,000 per month.\n\nWhat Kraken actually says:\n\n“Kraken charges a 1% trading fee on instant and recurring trades and a 1.5% fee on custom orders, which are waived for Kraken+ members on trading volume up to $10,000 per month.”\n\nNote: Fee Schedule section on Kraken.com; Kraken+ benefit conditions stated.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.kraken.com/en-us/features/fee-schedule",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Kraken",
      "evidence_quote": "Kraken charges a 1% trading fee on instant and recurring trades and a 1.5% fee on custom orders, which are waived for Kraken+ members on trading volume up to $10,000 per month.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Kraken",
      "topic": "Money.fees",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "kraken",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_kraken_margin_liquidation_fee",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Kraken: Money.fees",
      "summary": "Kraken charges a 2% liquidation fee on margin positions automatically liquidated at the current index price.",
      "body": "Kraken charges a 2% liquidation fee on margin positions automatically liquidated at the current index price.\n\nWhat Kraken actually says:\n\n“Kraken may liquidate positions automatically at the current index price of the market, immediately closing the position and realizing any associated losses. This process includes a 2% liquidation fee.”\n\nNote: Margin section of Kraken fee schedule.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.kraken.com/en-us/features/fee-schedule",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Kraken",
      "evidence_quote": "Kraken may liquidate positions automatically at the current index price of the market, immediately closing the position and realizing any associated losses. This process includes a 2% liquidation fee.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Kraken",
      "topic": "Money.fees",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "kraken",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_kraken_identity_verification",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Kraken: Access.id",
      "summary": "Kraken is registered only in the United States and its brokerage services are provided by Kraken Securities LLC, member FINRA/SIPC, requiring identity and eligibility verification.",
      "body": "Kraken is registered only in the United States and its brokerage services are provided by Kraken Securities LLC, member FINRA/SIPC, requiring identity and eligibility verification.\n\nWhat Kraken actually says:\n\n“Kraken Equities is currently available in the U.S. only; may not be available in all states. Brokerage services are provided by Kraken Securities LLC (“Kraken Securities”), member FINRA/SIPC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Payward, Inc. Geographic restrictions apply.”\n\nNote: Homepage disclosures; specific ID document requirements not enumerated on the pages opened.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.kraken.com",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Kraken",
      "evidence_quote": "Kraken Equities is currently available in the U.S. only; may not be available in all states. Brokerage services are provided by Kraken Securities LLC (“Kraken Securities”), member FINRA/SIPC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Payward, Inc. Geographic restrictions apply.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Kraken",
      "topic": "Access.id",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "kraken",
        "topic": [
          "access.id"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_robinhood_license_disclosure",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Robinhood: Safety.legal",
      "summary": "Robinhood Crypto is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NMLS ID 1702840).",
      "body": "Robinhood Crypto is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NMLS ID 1702840).\n\nWhat Robinhood actually says:\n\n“Cryptocurrency services are offered through an account with Robinhood Crypto, LLC (“RHC”) (NMLS ID: 1702840). Robinhood Crypto is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services.”\n\nNote: Homepage footer disclosures; regulatory license information quoted verbatim.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.robinhood.com",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Robinhood",
      "evidence_quote": "Cryptocurrency services are offered through an account with Robinhood Crypto, LLC (“RHC”) (NMLS ID: 1702840). Robinhood Crypto is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Robinhood",
      "topic": "Safety.legal",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "robinhood",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_robinhood_fees_disclosure",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Robinhood: Money.fees",
      "summary": "Robinhood states there is no additional cost to use Robinhood Legend but other fees are associated with the brokerage account and directs users to the fee schedule.",
      "body": "Robinhood states there is no additional cost to use Robinhood Legend but other fees are associated with the brokerage account and directs users to the fee schedule.\n\nWhat Robinhood actually says:\n\n“While there is no additional cost to use Robinhood Legend, there are other fees associated with your brokerage account. Review the fee schedule for more details.”\n\nNote: Homepage footer; specific fee percentages not found because fee schedule page was inaccessible (404).",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.robinhood.com",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Robinhood",
      "evidence_quote": "While there is no additional cost to use Robinhood Legend, there are other fees associated with your brokerage account. Review the fee schedule for more details.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Robinhood",
      "topic": "Money.fees",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "robinhood",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_ibkr_commissions",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Interactive Brokers: Money.fees",
      "summary": "Interactive Brokers IBKR Lite offers $0 commissions on US stocks and ETFs, while IBKR Pro charges $0.005 per share on US stocks and ETFs.",
      "body": "Interactive Brokers IBKR Lite offers $0 commissions on US stocks and ETFs, while IBKR Pro charges $0.005 per share on US stocks and ETFs.\n\nWhat Interactive Brokers LLC actually says:\n\n“IBKR LITE ... $0 Commissions on US stocks and ETFs ... IBKR PRO ... $0.005 per share on US Stocks and ETFs”\n\nNote: Homepage pricing section; full commission schedule page (ibkr.com/commissions) was not fetched.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.interactivebrokers.com",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Interactive Brokers LLC",
      "evidence_quote": "IBKR LITE ... $0 Commissions on US stocks and ETFs ... IBKR PRO ... $0.005 per share on US Stocks and ETFs",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Interactive Brokers",
      "topic": "Money.fees",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "interactivebrokers",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_ibkr_margin_rates",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Interactive Brokers: Money.fees",
      "summary": "Interactive Brokers margin loans start at USD 4.38% for IBKR Pro and USD 6.38% for IBKR Lite.",
      "body": "Interactive Brokers margin loans start at USD 4.38% for IBKR Pro and USD 6.38% for IBKR Lite.\n\nWhat Interactive Brokers LLC actually says:\n\n“Margin loans start at USD 4.38% ... Margin as low as USD 6.38% (IBKR Lite) ... Margin as low as USD 4.38% (IBKR Pro)”\n\nNote: Homepage pricing section; rates noted as of September 21, 2026 per disclosure on page.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.interactivebrokers.com",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Interactive Brokers LLC",
      "evidence_quote": "Margin loans start at USD 4.38% ... Margin as low as USD 6.38% (IBKR Lite) ... Margin as low as USD 4.38% (IBKR Pro)",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Interactive Brokers",
      "topic": "Money.fees",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "interactivebrokers",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_ibkr_cash_interest",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Interactive Brokers: Money.payout",
      "summary": "Interactive Brokers pays up to USD 3.38% interest on uninvested cash for IBKR Pro and up to USD 2.38% for IBKR Lite.",
      "body": "Interactive Brokers pays up to USD 3.38% interest on uninvested cash for IBKR Pro and up to USD 2.38% for IBKR Lite.\n\nWhat Interactive Brokers LLC actually says:\n\n“Earn interest up to USD 3.38% on uninvested cash ... Interest up to USD 2.38% (IBKR Lite) ... Interest up to USD 3.38% (IBKR Pro)”\n\nNote: Homepage pricing section; credit interest rate as of September 21, 2026 per disclosure.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.interactivebrokers.com",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Interactive Brokers LLC",
      "evidence_quote": "Earn interest up to USD 3.38% on uninvested cash ... Interest up to USD 2.38% (IBKR Lite) ... Interest up to USD 3.38% (IBKR Pro)",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Interactive Brokers",
      "topic": "Money.payout",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "interactivebrokers",
        "topic": [
          "money.payout"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_ibkr_regulatory",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Interactive Brokers: Safety.legal",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Interactive Brokers LLC is a member of NYSE, FINRA, and SIPC and is regulated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.",
      "body": "Interactive Brokers LLC is a member of NYSE, FINRA, and SIPC and is regulated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.\n\nWhat Interactive Brokers LLC actually says:\n\n“Interactive Brokers LLC Is a member NYSE - FINRA - SIPC and regulated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.”\n\nNote: Homepage footer regulatory disclosure.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.interactivebrokers.com",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Interactive Brokers LLC",
      "evidence_quote": "Interactive Brokers LLC Is a member NYSE - FINRA - SIPC and regulated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Interactive Brokers",
      "topic": "Safety.legal",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "interactivebrokers",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r1103_trading_and_crypto_platforms_kraken_regulatory",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Kraken: Safety.legal",
      "summary": "Kraken Securities LLC is a member of FINRA/SIPC and registered only in the United States; geographic restrictions apply to products.",
      "body": "Kraken Securities LLC is a member of FINRA/SIPC and registered only in the United States; geographic restrictions apply to products.\n\nWhat Kraken actually says:\n\n“Kraken Securities LLC (“Kraken Securities”), member FINRA/SIPC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Payward, Inc. ... Kraken Securities is registered only in the United States. Geographic restrictions apply.”\n\nNote: Kraken homepage footer disclosures.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.kraken.com",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-01",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Kraken",
      "evidence_quote": "Kraken Securities LLC (“Kraken Securities”), member FINRA/SIPC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Payward, Inc. ... Kraken Securities is registered only in the United States. Geographic restrictions apply.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "1103-trading-and-crypto-platforms",
      "subject": "Kraken",
      "topic": "Safety.legal",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "kraken",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    }
  ]
}