{ "batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "articles": [ { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_1", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "Records required under this part may be kept in either digital or hard copy form, provided they include scanned identification and have a custodian who can authenticate digital records.", "body": "Records required under this part may be kept in either digital or hard copy form, provided they include scanned identification and have a custodian who can authenticate digital records.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“Records required to be maintained under this part may be kept either in hard copy or in digital form, provided that they include scanned copies of forms of identification and that there is a custodian of the records who can authenticate each digital record.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by omniroute:nest-kit, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "Records required to be maintained under this part may be kept either in hard copy or in digital form, provided that they include scanned copies of forms of identification and that there is a custodian of the records who can authenticate each digital record.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_2", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "Records must be categorized alphabetically or numerically and must include the names of all performers, including aliases, and identifiers for the specific media produced.", "body": "Records must be categorized alphabetically or numerically and must include the names of all performers, including aliases, and identifiers for the specific media produced.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“Records required to be maintained under this part shall be categorized alphabetically, or numerically where appropriate, and retrievable to: All name(s) of each performer, including any alias, maiden name, nickname, stage name or professional name of the performer; and according to the title, number, or other similar identifier of each book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digitally- or computer-manipulated image, digital image, or picture, or other matter (including but not limited to Internet computer site or services).”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by omniroute:nest-kit, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "Records required to be maintained under this part shall be categorized alphabetically, or numerically where appropriate, and retrievable to: All name(s) of each performer, including any alias, maiden name, nickname, stage name or professional name of the performer; and according to the title, number, or other similar identifier of each book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digitally- or computer-manipulated image, digital image, or picture, or other matter (including but not limited to Internet computer site or services).", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_3", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "Producers must make records available at their place of business or at a non-employee custodian's place of business, and records must be kept for seven years from creation or last amendment.", "body": "Producers must make records available at their place of business or at a non-employee custodian's place of business, and records must be kept for seven years from creation or last amendment.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“Any producer required by this part to maintain records shall make such records available at the producer's place of business or at the place of business of a non-employee custodian of records. Each record shall be maintained for seven years from the date of creation or last amendment or addition.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by omniroute:nest-kit, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "Any producer required by this part to maintain records shall make such records available at the producer's place of business or at the place of business of a non-employee custodian of records. Each record shall be maintained for seven years from the date of creation or last amendment or addition.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_4", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "Producers of sexually explicit material must include a statement on every copy describing where the required records are located.", "body": "Producers of sexually explicit material must include a statement on every copy describing where the required records are located.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“Any producer of any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digitally- or computer-manipulated image, digital image, or picture, or other matter (including but not limited to an Internet computer site or service) that contains one or more visual depictions of an actual human being engaged in actual sexually explicit conduct made after July 3, 1995, and produced, manufactured, published, duplicated, reproduced, or reissued after July 3, 1995, or of a performer in a visual depiction of simulated sexually explicit conduct or actual sexually explicit conduct limited to lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person made after March 18, 2009, shall cause to be affixed to every copy of the matter a statement describing the location of the records required by this part.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "Any producer of any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digitally- or computer-manipulated image, digital image, or picture, or other matter (including but not limited to an Internet computer site or service) that contains one or more visual depictions of an actual human being engaged in actual sexually explicit conduct made after July 3, 1995, and produced, manufactured, published, duplicated, reproduced, or reissued after July 3, 1995, or of a performer in a visual depiction of simulated sexually explicit conduct or actual sexually explicit conduct limited to lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person made after March 18, 2009, shall cause to be affixed to every copy of the matter a statement describing the location of the records required by this part.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_5", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "The statement must be displayed in a typeface of at least 12-point or the second-largest typeface on the material, in a color that contrasts with the background, and for a sufficient duration to be readable.", "body": "The statement must be displayed in a typeface of at least 12-point or the second-largest typeface on the material, in a color that contrasts with the background, and for a sufficient duration to be readable.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“the required statement shall be displayed in typeface that is no less than 12-point type or no smaller than the second-largest typeface on the material and in a color that clearly contrasts with the background color of the material. For any electronic or other display of the notice that is limited in time, the notice must be displayed for a sufficient duration and of a sufficient size to be capable of being read by the average viewer.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "the required statement shall be displayed in typeface that is no less than 12-point type or no smaller than the second-largest typeface on the material and in a color that clearly contrasts with the background color of the material. For any electronic or other display of the notice that is limited in time, the notice must be displayed for a sufficient duration and of a sufficient size to be capable of being read by the average viewer.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_6", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "For films or videotapes, the statement must be presented at the end of the credits or within one minute from the start and before the opening scene.", "body": "For films or videotapes, the statement must be presented at the end of the credits or within one minute from the start and before the opening scene.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“In any film or videotape which contains end credits for the production, direction, distribution, or other activity in connection with the film or videotape, the statement referred to in § 75.6 or § 75.7 shall be presented at the end of the end titles or final credits and shall be displayed for a sufficient duration to be capable of being read by the average viewer. ( c ) Any other film or videotape shall contain the required statement within one minute from the start of the film or videotape, and before the opening scene, and shall display the statement for a sufficient duration to be read by the average viewer.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "In any film or videotape which contains end credits for the production, direction, distribution, or other activity in connection with the film or videotape, the statement referred to in § 75.6 or § 75.7 shall be presented at the end of the end titles or final credits and shall be displayed for a sufficient duration to be capable of being read by the average viewer. ( c ) Any other film or videotape shall contain the required statement within one minute from the start of the film or videotape, and before the opening scene, and shall display the statement for a sufficient duration to be read by the average viewer.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_7", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "Websites containing sexually explicit depictions must display the required statement on every page where such depictions appear.", "body": "Websites containing sexually explicit depictions must display the required statement on every page where such depictions appear.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“A computer site or service or Web address containing a digitally- or computer-manipulated image, digital image, or picture shall contain the required statement on every page of a Web site on which a visual depiction of an actual human being engaged in actual or simulated sexually explicit conduct appears.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "A computer site or service or Web address containing a digitally- or computer-manipulated image, digital image, or picture shall contain the required statement on every page of a Web site on which a visual depiction of an actual human being engaged in actual or simulated sexually explicit conduct appears.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_8", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "A digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is considered a single matter for the purpose of locating the required statement.", "body": "A digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is considered a single matter for the purpose of locating the required statement.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“For purpose of this section, a digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is a single matter for which the statement may be located in a single place covering all depictions on the DVD.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "For purpose of this section, a digital video disc (DVD) containing multiple depictions is a single matter for which the statement may be located in a single place covering all depictions on the DVD.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_9", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "The authority for the recordkeeping and record-inspection provisions in 28 CFR Part 75 is 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A.", "body": "The authority for the recordkeeping and record-inspection provisions in 28 CFR Part 75 is 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“Authority: 18 U.S.C. 2257 , 2257A .”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "Authority: 18 U.S.C. 2257 , 2257A .", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_10", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "Producers of certain visual depictions involving actual or simulated sexually explicit conduct that are shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce must maintain records for each performer, including their legal name and date of birth obtained via picture identification.", "body": "Producers of certain visual depictions involving actual or simulated sexually explicit conduct that are shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce must maintain records for each performer, including their legal name and date of birth obtained via picture identification.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“Any producer of any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digitally- or computer-manipulated image, digital image, picture, or other matter that is produced in whole or in part with materials that have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped, transported, or intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce, and that contains one or more visual depictions of an actual human being engaged in actual sexually explicit conduct (except lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person) made after July 3, 1995, or one or more visual depictions of an actual human being engaged in simulated sexually explicit conduct or in actual sexually explicit conduct limited to lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person made after March 18, 2009, shall, for each performer portrayed in such visual depiction, create and maintain records containing the following: ( 1 ) The legal name and date of birth of each performer, obtained by the producer's examination of a picture identification card prior to production of the depiction.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "Any producer of any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digitally- or computer-manipulated image, digital image, picture, or other matter that is produced in whole or in part with materials that have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped, transported, or intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce, and that contains one or more visual depictions of an actual human being engaged in actual sexually explicit conduct (except lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person) made after July 3, 1995, or one or more visual depictions of an actual human being engaged in simulated sexually explicit conduct or in actual sexually explicit conduct limited to lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person made after March 18, 2009, shall, for each performer portrayed in such visual depiction, create and maintain records containing the following: ( 1 ) The legal name and date of birth of each performer, obtained by the producer's examination of a picture identification card prior to production of the depiction.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_11", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "For depictions of actual or simulated sexually explicit conduct made after certain dates, records must include a copy of the depiction and, if published on an Internet site, a copy of any associated URL.", "body": "For depictions of actual or simulated sexually explicit conduct made after certain dates, records must include a copy of the depiction and, if published on an Internet site, a copy of any associated URL.\n\nWhat ecfr.gov actually says:\n\n“For any performer portrayed in a depiction of an actual human being engaged in actual sexually explicit conduct (except lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person) made after June 23, 2005, or of an actual human being engaged in simulated sexually explicit conduct or in actual sexually explicit conduct limited to lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person made after March 18, 2009, the records shall include a copy of the depiction, and, where the depiction is published on an Internet computer site or service, a copy of any URL associated with the depiction.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "ecfr.gov", "evidence_quote": "For any performer portrayed in a depiction of an actual human being engaged in actual sexually explicit conduct (except lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person) made after June 23, 2005, or of an actual human being engaged in simulated sexually explicit conduct or in actual sexually explicit conduct limited to lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person made after March 18, 2009, the records shall include a copy of the depiction, and, where the depiction is published on an Internet computer site or service, a copy of any URL associated with the depiction.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_12", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "Under 18 U.S.C. 2257, anyone producing visual depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct that are shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce must create and maintain individually identifiable records for every performer portrayed.", "body": "Under 18 U.S.C. 2257, anyone producing visual depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct that are shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce must create and maintain individually identifiable records for every performer portrayed.\n\nWhat law.cornell.edu actually says:\n\n“Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer- manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter which— (1) contains one or more visual depictions made after November 1, 1990 of actual sexually explicit conduct; and (2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce; shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2257", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "law.cornell.edu", "evidence_quote": "Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer- manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter which— (1) contains one or more visual depictions made after November 1, 1990 of actual sexually explicit conduct; and (2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce; shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_126_13", "category": "Safety", "title": "The FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "summary": "The term 'performer' includes any person portrayed in a visual depiction who is engaging in or assisting another person to engage in sexually explicit conduct.", "body": "The term 'performer' includes any person portrayed in a visual depiction who is engaging in or assisting another person to engage in sexually explicit conduct.\n\nWhat law.cornell.edu actually says:\n\n“the term “ performer ” includes any person portrayed in a visual depiction engaging in, or assisting another person to engage in, sexually explicit conduct.”\n\nNote: Shift Board (topic queue): page from a source IMAGO's verified knowledge already used, fetched by the program, quote picked by bifrost:kilo/kilo-auto/free, checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence set conservatively - the verify gate decides", "source_type": "research", "source_link": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2257", "last_verified": "2026-10-24", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "B", "source_publisher": "law.cornell.edu", "evidence_quote": "the term “ performer ” includes any person portrayed in a visual depiction engaging in, or assisting another person to engage in, sexually explicit conduct.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "Federal Law That Applies In Both", "topic": "the FEDERAL layer a two-person shoot must satisfy regardless of state: 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A + 28 CFR 75 (record-keep", "applies_to_country": "any", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "any" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_2257_records", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 2257: Record-keeping requirement and penalty for producers of depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Whoever produces any matter containing one or more visual depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct made after November 1, 1990 that is produced with materials mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped, transported, or intended for interstate or foreign shipment, shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed, and a first violation is punishable by imprisonment of not more than 5 years and a fine.", "body": "Whoever produces any matter containing one or more visual depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct made after November 1, 1990 that is produced with materials mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped, transported, or intended for interstate or foreign shipment, shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed, and a first violation is punishable by imprisonment of not more than 5 years and a fine.\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“(a) Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter which- (1) contains one or more visual depictions made after November 1, 1990 of actual sexually explicit conduct; and (2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce; shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction. ... (i) Whoever violates this section shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years, and fined in accordance with the provisions of this title, or both.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2257&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "(a) Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter which- (1) contains one or more visual depictions made after November 1, 1990 of actual sexually explicit conduct; and (2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce; shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction. ... (i) Whoever violates this section shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years, and fined in accordance with the provisions of this title, or both.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 2257", "topic": "Record-keeping requirement and penalty for producers of depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "federal criminal law, Chapter 110, Title 18", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "thin_body", "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_2257a_records", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 2257A: Record-keeping requirement and penalty for depictions of simulated sexually explicit conduct", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Whoever produces matter containing one or more visual depictions of simulated sexually explicit conduct shipped, transported, or intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed, and a first violation is punishable by imprisonment of not more than 1 year and a fine.", "body": "Whoever produces matter containing one or more visual depictions of simulated sexually explicit conduct shipped, transported, or intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed, and a first violation is punishable by imprisonment of not more than 1 year and a fine.\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“(a) Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter that- (1) contains 1 or more visual depictions of simulated sexually explicit conduct; and (2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce; shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2257A&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "(a) Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter that- (1) contains 1 or more visual depictions of simulated sexually explicit conduct; and (2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce; shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 2257A", "topic": "Record-keeping requirement and penalty for depictions of simulated sexually explicit conduct", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "federal criminal law, Chapter 110, Title 18", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "thin_body", "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_cfr75_records_retention_location", "category": "Safety", "title": "28 CFR Part 75: Where 2257/2257A records must be kept and for how long", "summary": "Records must be made available at the producer's place of business (or that of a non-employee custodian) and each record must be maintained for seven years from the date of creation or last amendment or addition; if the producer ceases business, records must be kept for five years thereafter.", "body": "Records must be made available at the producer's place of business (or that of a non-employee custodian) and each record must be maintained for seven years from the date of creation or last amendment or addition; if the producer ceases business, records must be kept for five years thereafter.\n\nWhat Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), Government Publishing Office / Office of the Federal Register actually says:\n\n“Any producer required by this part to maintain records shall make such records available at the producer's place of business or at the place of business of a non-employee custodian of records. Each record shall be maintained for seven years from the date of creation or last amendment or addition. If the producer ceases to carry on the business, the records shall be maintained for five years thereafter.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), Government Publishing Office / Office of the Federal Register", "evidence_quote": "Any producer required by this part to maintain records shall make such records available at the producer's place of business or at the place of business of a non-employee custodian of records. Each record shall be maintained for seven years from the date of creation or last amendment or addition. If the producer ceases to carry on the business, the records shall be maintained for five years thereafter.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "28 CFR Part 75", "topic": "Where 2257/2257A records must be kept and for how long", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "DOJ regulations implementing 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_cfr75_labelling_statement", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 28 CFR Part 75: Required 2257 labelling statement describing where records are located", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A producer must affix to every copy of the matter a statement describing where the required records may be located, giving the title or identifying number and a street address (a post office box does not satisfy the requirement), displayed in typeface no less than 12-point or smaller than the second-largest typeface in a clearly contrasting color.", "body": "A producer must affix to every copy of the matter a statement describing where the required records may be located, giving the title or identifying number and a street address (a post office box does not satisfy the requirement), displayed in typeface no less than 12-point or smaller than the second-largest typeface in a clearly contrasting color.\n\nWhat Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), Government Publishing Office / Office of the Federal Register actually says:\n\n“Every statement shall contain: (1) The title ... or, if there is no title, an identifying number or similar identifier ... (3) A street address at which the records required by this part may be made available. A post office box address does not satisfy this requirement.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), Government Publishing Office / Office of the Federal Register", "evidence_quote": "Every statement shall contain: (1) The title ... or, if there is no title, an identifying number or similar identifier ... (3) A street address at which the records required by this part may be made available. A post office box address does not satisfy this requirement.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "28 CFR Part 75", "topic": "Required 2257 labelling statement describing where records are located", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "DOJ regulations implementing 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_cfr75_inspection", "category": "Safety", "title": "28 CFR Part 75: Inspection of 2257 records by Justice Department investigators", "summary": "Investigators authorized by the Attorney General may enter without delay and at reasonable times any establishment where records are maintained to inspect them during regular working hours, and advance notice of record inspections shall not be given.", "body": "Investigators authorized by the Attorney General may enter without delay and at reasonable times any establishment where records are maintained to inspect them during regular working hours, and advance notice of record inspections shall not be given.\n\nWhat Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), Government Publishing Office / Office of the Federal Register actually says:\n\n“(a) Authority to inspect. Investigators authorized by the Attorney General (hereinafter “investigators”) are authorized to enter without delay and at reasonable times any establishment of a producer where records under § 75.2 are maintained to inspect during regular working hours and at other reasonable times, and within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner... (b) Advance notice of inspections. Advance notice of record inspections shall not be given.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-75", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), Government Publishing Office / Office of the Federal Register", "evidence_quote": "(a) Authority to inspect. Investigators authorized by the Attorney General (hereinafter “investigators”) are authorized to enter without delay and at reasonable times any establishment of a producer where records under § 75.2 are maintained to inspect during regular working hours and at other reasonable times, and within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner... (b) Advance notice of inspections. Advance notice of record inspections shall not be given.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "28 CFR Part 75", "topic": "Inspection of 2257 records by Justice Department investigators", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "DOJ regulations implementing 18 U.S.C. 2257 and 2257A; refusing an authorized AG inspection is itself a crime under 18 U", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_1461_obscenity_mailing", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 1461: Obscene matter is nonmailable and mailing it is a federal crime", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Every obscene, lewd, lascivious, indecent, filthy or vile article, matter, thing, device, or substance is declared nonmailable and shall not be conveyed in the mails, and whoever knowingly uses the mails to send or deliver such matter is subject to a fine or imprisonment of not more than five years (ten years for each subsequent offense).", "body": "Every obscene, lewd, lascivious, indecent, filthy or vile article, matter, thing, device, or substance is declared nonmailable and shall not be conveyed in the mails, and whoever knowingly uses the mails to send or deliver such matter is subject to a fine or imprisonment of not more than five years (ten years for each subsequent offense).\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“Every obscene, lewd, lascivious, indecent, filthy or vile article, matter, thing, device, or substance; and- ... Is declared to be nonmailable matter and shall not be conveyed in the mails or delivered from any post office or by any letter carrier.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1461&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "Every obscene, lewd, lascivious, indecent, filthy or vile article, matter, thing, device, or substance; and- ... Is declared to be nonmailable matter and shall not be conveyed in the mails or delivered from any post office or by any letter carrier.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 1461", "topic": "Obscene matter is nonmailable and mailing it is a federal crime", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "federal criminal law, Chapter 71 Obscenity, Title 18", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "thin_body", "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_1462_obscenity_transport", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 1462: Importing or transporting obscene matter in interstate or foreign commerce is a crime", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Whoever brings into the United States, or knowingly uses any express company, other common carrier, or interactive computer service for carriage in interstate or foreign commerce of any obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy matter of indecent character, shall be fined or imprisoned not more than five years (ten years for each subsequent offense).", "body": "Whoever brings into the United States, or knowingly uses any express company, other common carrier, or interactive computer service for carriage in interstate or foreign commerce of any obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy matter of indecent character, shall be fined or imprisoned not more than five years (ten years for each subsequent offense).\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“Whoever brings into the United States, or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof, or knowingly uses any express company or other common carrier or interactive computer service (as defined in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934), for carriage in interstate or foreign commerce- ... any obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy book, pamphlet, picture, motion-picture film, paper, letter, writing, print, or other matter of indecent character ... Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, for the first such offense and shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both, for each such offense thereafter.”\n\nNote: 1462 reaches the 'common carrier or interactive computer service' used to move the material, which is how obscene material transmitted electronically can be prosecuted federally.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1462&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "Whoever brings into the United States, or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof, or knowingly uses any express company or other common carrier or interactive computer service (as defined in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934), for carriage in interstate or foreign commerce- ... any obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy book, pamphlet, picture, motion-picture film, paper, letter, writing, print, or other matter of indecent character ... Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, for the first such offense and shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both, for each such offense thereafter.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 1462", "topic": "Importing or transporting obscene matter in interstate or foreign commerce is a crime", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "federal criminal law, Chapter 71 Obscenity, Title 18", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_1465_obscenity_production", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 1465: Producing or transporting obscene matter for sale or distribution in interstate commerce is a crime", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Whoever knowingly produces with the intent to transport, distribute, or transmit in interstate or foreign commerce, or knowingly transports or travels in, or uses a facility or means of, interstate or foreign commerce or an interactive computer service for the purpose of sale or distribution of any obscene matter, shall be fined or imprisoned not more than five years.", "body": "Whoever knowingly produces with the intent to transport, distribute, or transmit in interstate or foreign commerce, or knowingly transports or travels in, or uses a facility or means of, interstate or foreign commerce or an interactive computer service for the purpose of sale or distribution of any obscene matter, shall be fined or imprisoned not more than five years.\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“Whoever knowingly produces with the intent to transport, distribute, or transmit in interstate or foreign commerce, or whoever knowingly transports or travels in, or uses a facility or means of, interstate or foreign commerce or an interactive computer service (as defined in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934) in or affecting such commerce, for the purpose of sale or distribution of any obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy book, pamphlet, picture, film, ... shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.”\n\nNote: 1465 criminalizes production with intent to move the material in interstate commerce even before any actual transport occurs.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1465&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "Whoever knowingly produces with the intent to transport, distribute, or transmit in interstate or foreign commerce, or whoever knowingly transports or travels in, or uses a facility or means of, interstate or foreign commerce or an interactive computer service (as defined in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934) in or affecting such commerce, for the purpose of sale or distribution of any obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy book, pamphlet, picture, film, ... shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 1465", "topic": "Producing or transporting obscene matter for sale or distribution in interstate commerce is a crime", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "federal criminal law, Chapter 71 Obscenity, Title 18", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_2421_mann_act", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 2421 (Mann Act): Transporting a person across state lines for prostitution or any sexual activity for which a person can be charged", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Whoever knowingly transports any individual in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that the individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined or imprisoned not more than 10 years.", "body": "Whoever knowingly transports any individual in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that the individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined or imprisoned not more than 10 years.\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“(a) In General.-Whoever knowingly transports any individual in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that such individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2421&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "(a) In General.-Whoever knowingly transports any individual in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that such individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 2421 (Mann Act)", "topic": "Transporting a person across state lines for prostitution or any sexual activity for which a person can be charged", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "federal criminal law, Chapter 117 Transportation for Illegal Sexual Activity, Title 18", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "thin_body", "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_2422_coercion_enticement", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 2422: Persuading or coercing a person to travel in interstate commerce for prostitution or criminalized sexual activity", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Whoever knowingly persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any individual to travel in interstate or foreign commerce to engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined or imprisoned not more than 20 years; the offense involving an individual under 18 carries a minimum of 10 years and up to life.", "body": "Whoever knowingly persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any individual to travel in interstate or foreign commerce to engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined or imprisoned not more than 20 years; the offense involving an individual under 18 carries a minimum of 10 years and up to life.\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“(a) Whoever knowingly persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any individual to travel in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, to engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2422&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "(a) Whoever knowingly persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any individual to travel in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, to engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 2422", "topic": "Persuading or coercing a person to travel in interstate commerce for prostitution or criminalized sexual activity", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "federal criminal law, Chapter 117, Title 18", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_2423_transport_minors", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 2423: Transporting a minor across state or international lines for criminal sexual activity, and related travel offenses", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A person who knowingly transports an individual under 18 in interstate or foreign commerce with intent that the individual engage in prostitution or any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense shall be fined and imprisoned not less than 10 years or for life.", "body": "A person who knowingly transports an individual under 18 in interstate or foreign commerce with intent that the individual engage in prostitution or any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense shall be fined and imprisoned not less than 10 years or for life.\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“(a) Transportation With Intent To Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity.-A person who knowingly transports an individual who has not attained the age of 18 years in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any commonwealth, territory or possession of the United States, with intent that the individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, shall be fined under this title and imprisoned not less than 10 years or for life.”\n\nNote: Every performer must be an adult; the absence of an age-18 defense for transportation under subsection (a) means producers must verify performers are 18, which 2257 record-keeping also requires.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2423&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "(a) Transportation With Intent To Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity.-A person who knowingly transports an individual who has not attained the age of 18 years in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any commonwealth, territory or possession of the United States, with intent that the individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, shall be fined under this title and imprisoned not less than 10 years or for life.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 2423", "topic": "Transporting a minor across state or international lines for criminal sexual activity, and related travel offenses", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "federal criminal law, Chapter 117, Title 18", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_2421a_fosta_criminal", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 18 U.S.C. 2421A (FOSTA-SESTA): Criminal liability for owning or operating an interactive computer service to promote or facilitate prostitution", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Whoever, using a facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce, owns, manages, or operates an interactive computer service (or conspires or attempts to do so) with the intent to promote or facilitate the prostitution of another person shall be fined or imprisoned not more than 10 years.", "body": "Whoever, using a facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce, owns, manages, or operates an interactive computer service (or conspires or attempts to do so) with the intent to promote or facilitate the prostitution of another person shall be fined or imprisoned not more than 10 years.\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“(a) In General.-Whoever, using a facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, owns, manages, or operates an interactive computer service (as such term is defined in ... section 230(f) the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230(f))), or conspires or attempts to do so, with the intent to promote or facilitate the prostitution of another person shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2421A&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "(a) In General.-Whoever, using a facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, owns, manages, or operates an interactive computer service (as such term is defined in ... section 230(f) the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230(f))), or conspires or attempts to do so, with the intent to promote or facilitate the prostitution of another person shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "18 U.S.C. 2421A (FOSTA-SESTA)", "topic": "Criminal liability for owning or operating an interactive computer service to promote or facilitate prostitution", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "criminal provision created by the Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (FOSTA), Apr. 11, 2018", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "thin_body", "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_230e5_fosta", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Carve-out of sex-trafficking claims and charges from section 230 immunity", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Nothing in 47 U.S.C. 230 (other than subsection (c)(2)(A)) shall be construed to impair or limit civil claims brought under 18 U.S.C. 1595 where the conduct violates 18 U.S.C. 1591, or State criminal charges where the underlying conduct would violate 18 U.S.C. 1591 or 18 U.S.C. 2421A and promotion or facilitation of prostitution is illegal in the targeted jurisdiction.", "body": "Nothing in 47 U.S.C. 230 (other than subsection (c)(2)(A)) shall be construed to impair or limit civil claims brought under 18 U.S.C. 1595 where the conduct violates 18 U.S.C. 1591, or State criminal charges where the underlying conduct would violate 18 U.S.C. 1591 or 18 U.S.C. 2421A and promotion or facilitation of prostitution is illegal in the targeted jurisdiction.\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“(5) No effect on sex trafficking law-Nothing in this section (other than subsection (c)(2)(A)) shall be construed to impair or limit- (A) any claim in a civil action brought under section 1595 of title 18, if the conduct underlying the claim constitutes a violation of section 1591 of that title; (B) any charge in a criminal prosecution brought under State law if the conduct underlying the charge would constitute a violation of section 1591 of title 18; or (C) any charge in a criminal prosecution brought under State law if the conduct underlying the charge would constitute a violation of section 2421A of title 18, and promotion or facilitation of prostitution is illegal in the jurisdiction where the defendant's promotion or facilitation of prostitution was targeted.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section230&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "(5) No effect on sex trafficking law-Nothing in this section (other than subsection (c)(2)(A)) shall be construed to impair or limit- (A) any claim in a civil action brought under section 1595 of title 18, if the conduct underlying the claim constitutes a violation of section 1591 of that title; (B) any charge in a criminal prosecution brought under State law if the conduct underlying the charge would constitute a violation of section 1591 of title 18; or (C) any charge in a criminal prosecution brought under State law if the conduct underlying the charge would constitute a violation of section 2421A of title 18, and promotion or facilitation of prostitution is illegal in the jurisdiction where the defendant's promotion or facilitation of prostitution was targeted.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "47 U.S.C. 230(e)(5) (FOSTA-SESTA)", "topic": "Carve-out of sex-trafficking claims and charges from section 230 immunity", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "amended into law by FOSTA, Pub. L. 115-164, Apr. 11, 2018", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_223h_take_it_down", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] 47 U.S.C. 223(h), added by the TAKE IT DOWN Act (P.L. 119-12, May 19, 2025): Criminal prohibition on knowingly publishing nonconsensual intimate visual depictions and digital forgeries", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] It is unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish an intimate visual depiction of an identifiable adult (or a digital forgery of one, published without consent) where the depiction was obtained or created in circumstances of reasonable expectation of privacy, was not voluntarily exposed in a public or commercial setting, is not a matter of public concern, and publication was intended to cause or causes harm; violations are punishable by up to 2 years' imprisonment (3 years where the individual is a minor).", "body": "It is unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish an intimate visual depiction of an identifiable adult (or a digital forgery of one, published without consent) where the depiction was obtained or created in circumstances of reasonable expectation of privacy, was not voluntarily exposed in a public or commercial setting, is not a matter of public concern, and publication was intended to cause or causes harm; violations are punishable by up to 2 years' imprisonment (3 years where the individual is a minor).\n\nWhat Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives actually says:\n\n“(2)(A) Involving adults- Except as provided in subparagraph (C), it shall be unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish an intimate visual depiction of an identifiable individual who is not a minor if- (i) the intimate visual depiction was obtained or created under circumstances in which the person knew or reasonably should have known the identifiable individual had a reasonable expectation of privacy; ... (4)(A) Offenses involving adults- Any person who violates paragraph (2)(A) or (3)(A) shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both.”\n\nNote: The separate platform notice-and-removal obligations of Section 3 of the TAKE IT DOWN Act are NOT codified in the U.S. Code and therefore could not be verified from the permitted sources; see could_not_verify.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section223&num=0&edition=prelim", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives", "evidence_quote": "(2)(A) Involving adults- Except as provided in subparagraph (C), it shall be unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish an intimate visual depiction of an identifiable individual who is not a minor if- (i) the intimate visual depiction was obtained or created under circumstances in which the person knew or reasonably should have known the identifiable individual had a reasonable expectation of privacy; ... (4)(A) Offenses involving adults- Any person who violates paragraph (2)(A) or (3)(A) shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "47 U.S.C. 223(h), added by the TAKE IT DOWN Act (P.L. 119-12, May 19, 2025)", "topic": "Criminal prohibition on knowingly publishing nonconsensual intimate visual depictions and digital forgeries", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "TAKE IT DOWN Act criminal prohibition codified at 47 U.S.C. 223(h); the 'intimate visual depiction' definition is cross-", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r126_federal_law_that_applies_in_both_states_irs_1099_nec_2026", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Threshold, deadline and backup withholding for reporting nonemployee compensation", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A business that pays nonemployee compensation (including a co-performer who is not an employee) of $2,000 or more for services during a tax year beginning after 2025 must report it on Form 1099-NEC; the form must be filed by January 31, and backup withholding at 24% applies when a payee has not provided a correct Taxpayer Identification Number.", "body": "A business that pays nonemployee compensation (including a co-performer who is not an employee) of $2,000 or more for services during a tax year beginning after 2025 must report it on Form 1099-NEC; the form must be filed by January 31, and backup withholding at 24% applies when a payee has not provided a correct Taxpayer Identification Number.\n\nWhat Internal Revenue Service (IRS) actually says:\n\n“For tax years beginning after 2025, the minimum threshold amount for reporting certain payments required to be reported on certain information returns and/or perform backup withholding on those payments increased to $2,000 and may be adjusted for inflation beginning in calendar year 2027. ... Enter nonemployee compensation (NEC) of $2,000 or more. ... Section 6071(c) requires you to file Form 1099-NEC on or before January 31, using either paper or electronic filing procedures.”\n\nNote: The 24% backup-withholding rate and the January 31 deadline (no automatic 30-day extension) are also stated in IRS Tax Tip 2022-109 (July 19, 2022), which predates the 2026 $2,000 threshold change.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1099mec", "last_verified": "2026-09-05", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Internal Revenue Service (IRS)", "evidence_quote": "For tax years beginning after 2025, the minimum threshold amount for reporting certain payments required to be reported on certain information returns and/or perform backup withholding on those payments increased to $2,000 and may be adjusted for inflation beginning in calendar year 2027. ... Enter nonemployee compensation (NEC) of $2,000 or more. ... Section 6071(c) requires you to file Form 1099-NEC on or before January 31, using either paper or electronic filing procedures.", "volatility": "medium", "from_batch": "126-federal-law-that-applies-in-both-states", "subject": "IRS Form 1099-NEC reporting for paying a co-performer", "topic": "Threshold, deadline and backup withholding for reporting nonemployee compensation", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "Internal Revenue Code section 6041/6041A information reporting", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } } ] }