{
  "batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_us_scotus_fsc_v_paxton",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Supreme Court of the United States: Constitutionality of state adult-content age-verification laws",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The US Supreme Court upheld Texas's age-verification law (HB 1181), holding state adult-content age-verification laws are reviewed under intermediate scrutiny and are constitutional.",
      "body": "The US Supreme Court upheld Texas's age-verification law (HB 1181), holding state adult-content age-verification laws are reviewed under intermediate scrutiny and are constitutional.\n\nWhat First Amendment Encyclopedia (Middle Tennessee State University) actually says:\n\n“Thomas said 'requiring age verification online is plainly a legitimate legislative choice,' and that age-verification through government-issued identification or transactional data was regularly used in other contexts”\n\nNote: I did NOT open the Supreme Court slip opinion itself in this run; holding is cited from the opened secondary source. The case citation (606 U.S. 461) is corroborated by Westlaw and Wikipedia results. This is the reason post-2025 age-verification laws are no longer being preliminarily enjoined.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/free-speech-coalition-v-paxton/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "First Amendment Encyclopedia (Middle Tennessee State University)",
      "evidence_quote": "Thomas said 'requiring age verification online is plainly a legitimate legislative choice,' and that age-verification through government-issued identification or transactional data was regularly used in other contexts",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Supreme Court of the United States",
      "topic": "Constitutionality of state adult-content age-verification laws",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Controlling precedent for all post-2025 state adult-content age-verification laws",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_louisiana_act440",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Louisiana Act 440 (2022), HB 142; R.S. 9:2800.28: First US state adult-content age-verification law",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Louisiana requires commercial entities publishing material harmful to minors on a website with a substantial portion of such material to use reasonable age verification methods; violation creates civil liability with a private right of action.",
      "body": "Louisiana requires commercial entities publishing material harmful to minors on a website with a substantial portion of such material to use reasonable age verification methods; violation creates civil liability with a private right of action.\n\nWhat Louisiana State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes material harmful to minors on the internet from a website that contains a substantial portion of such material shall be held liable if the entity fails to perform reasonable age verification methods to verify the age of individuals attempting to access the material.”\n\nNote: Act text opened and read in full in this run. Pornhub continues to operate in Louisiana with LA Wallet third-party verification rather than blocking (per secondary reporting).",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1289498",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Louisiana State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Any commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes material harmful to minors on the internet from a website that contains a substantial portion of such material shall be held liable if the entity fails to perform reasonable age verification methods to verify the age of individuals attempting to access the material.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Louisiana Act 440 (2022), HB 142; R.S. 9:2800.28",
      "topic": "First US state adult-content age-verification law",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Louisiana",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-la"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_louisiana_act440_threshold",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Louisiana Act 440: Content threshold trigger",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Louisiana triggers when more than 33-1/3% of a website's total material is harmful to minors.",
      "body": "Louisiana triggers when more than 33-1/3% of a website's total material is harmful to minors.\n\nWhat Louisiana State Legislature actually says:\n\n“\"Substantial portion\" means more than thirty-three and one-third percent of total material on a website, which meets the definition of \"material harmful to minors\" as defined by this Section.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1289498",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Louisiana State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "\"Substantial portion\" means more than thirty-three and one-third percent of total material on a website, which meets the definition of \"material harmful to minors\" as defined by this Section.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Louisiana Act 440",
      "topic": "Content threshold trigger",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Louisiana",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-la"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_utah_sb287",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah SB 287 (2023), Utah Code § 78B-3-1001/1002: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah requires commercial entities that provide pornography as a substantial portion of content to verify users are 18+, with a private right of action and data retention limits.",
      "body": "Utah requires commercial entities that provide pornography as a substantial portion of content to verify users are 18+, with a private right of action and data retention limits.\n\nWhat Utah State Legislature actually says:\n\n“\"Reasonable age verification methods\" means verifying that the person seeking to access the material is 18 years old or older by using any of the following methods: (a) use of a digitized information card as defined in this section; (b) verification through an independent, third-party age verification service that compares the personal information entered by the individual who is seeking access to the material that is available from a commercially available database... or (c) any commercially reasonable method that relies on public or private transactional data to verify the age of the person attempting to access the material.”\n\nNote: Bill text opened and read. Utah's 2026 Online Age Verification Amendments (SB 73, signed 2026-03-19) later took effect 2026-05-06 adding location-masking provisions (targeting VPN use). Those 2026 amendments were NOT opened in this run.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/~2023/bills/static/SB0287.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "\"Reasonable age verification methods\" means verifying that the person seeking to access the material is 18 years old or older by using any of the following methods: (a) use of a digitized information card as defined in this section; (b) verification through an independent, third-party age verification service that compares the personal information entered by the individual who is seeking access to the material that is available from a commercially available database... or (c) any commercially reasonable method that relies on public or private transactional data to verify the age of the person attempting to access the material.",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Utah SB 287 (2023), Utah Code § 78B-3-1001/1002",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Utah",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_texas_hb1181",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Texas HB 1181 (2023); Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code ch. 129B: Adult-content age verification (upheld by SCOTUS)",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Texas requires commercial entities publishing material more than one-third of which is sexual material harmful to minors (including social media platforms) to use reasonable age verification methods; AG can seek injunction and civil penalties.",
      "body": "Texas requires commercial entities publishing material more than one-third of which is sexual material harmful to minors (including social media platforms) to use reasonable age verification methods; AG can seek injunction and civil penalties.\n\nWhat Texas Legislature actually says:\n\n“A commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes material on an Internet website, including a social media platform, more than one-third of which is sexual material harmful to minors, shall use reasonable age verification methods... to verify that an individual attempting to access the material is 18 years of age or older.”\n\nNote: Full enrolled bill text opened and read. Upheld by SCOTUS June 27, 2025 in FSC v. Paxton.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/pdf/HB01181F.pdf",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Texas Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "A commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes material on an Internet website, including a social media platform, more than one-third of which is sexual material harmful to minors, shall use reasonable age verification methods... to verify that an individual attempting to access the material is 18 years of age or older.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Texas HB 1181 (2023); Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code ch. 129B",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification (upheld by SCOTUS)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Texas; includes social media platforms",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-tx"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_texas_hb1181_penalty",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Texas HB 1181: Civil penalty amounts",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Texas civil penalty is up to $10,000 per day while operating in violation, $10,000 per instance of retaining identifying information, plus additional amounts per minor access.",
      "body": "Texas civil penalty is up to $10,000 per day while operating in violation, $10,000 per instance of retaining identifying information, plus additional amounts per minor access.\n\nWhat Texas Legislature actually says:\n\n“A civil penalty imposed under this section... may be in an amount equal to not more than the total, if applicable, of: (1) $10,000 per day that the entity operates an Internet website in violation of the age verification requirements of this chapter; (2) $10,000 per instance when the entity retains identifying information in violation of Section 129B.002(b); and (3)... an additional amount of not more [than the statute provides].”\n\nNote: The paragraph (3) additional amount figure was cut off in the fetched chunk; the precise cap for that sub-clause is not recorded here.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/pdf/HB01181F.pdf",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Texas Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "A civil penalty imposed under this section... may be in an amount equal to not more than the total, if applicable, of: (1) $10,000 per day that the entity operates an Internet website in violation of the age verification requirements of this chapter; (2) $10,000 per instance when the entity retains identifying information in violation of Section 129B.002(b); and (3)... an additional amount of not more [than the statute provides].",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Texas HB 1181",
      "topic": "Civil penalty amounts",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Texas",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-tx"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_virginia_sb1515",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Virginia SB 1515 (2023); Va. Code § 8.01-40.5: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Virginia requires commercial entities publishing material harmful to minors on a website containing a substantial portion to verify users are 18+, with civil liability to damages and attorney fees.",
      "body": "Virginia requires commercial entities publishing material harmful to minors on a website containing a substantial portion to verify users are 18+, with civil liability to damages and attorney fees.\n\nWhat Virginia General Assembly (LIS) actually says:\n\n“Any commercial entity that knowingly or intentionally publishes or distributes material harmful to minors on the Internet from a website that contains a substantial portion of such material shall, through the use of (i) a commercially available database... or (ii) another commercially reasonable method of age and identity verification, verify that any person attempting to access such material harmful to minors is 18 years of age or older.”\n\nNote: Chapter 811 text opened and read.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+CHAP0811",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia General Assembly (LIS)",
      "evidence_quote": "Any commercial entity that knowingly or intentionally publishes or distributes material harmful to minors on the Internet from a website that contains a substantial portion of such material shall, through the use of (i) a commercially available database... or (ii) another commercially reasonable method of age and identity verification, verify that any person attempting to access such material harmful to minors is 18 years of age or older.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Virginia SB 1515 (2023); Va. Code § 8.01-40.5",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Virginia",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_florida_hb3_section5011737",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Florida HB 3 (2024); Fla. Stat. § 501.1737 (and § 501.1738): Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Florida requires commercial entities publishing or distributing material harmful to minors on a website/app containing a substantial portion to use specified verification methods and prevent minors' access, with civil penalties and a private cause of action.",
      "body": "Florida requires commercial entities publishing or distributing material harmful to minors on a website/app containing a substantial portion to use specified verification methods and prevent minors' access, with civil penalties and a private cause of action.\n\nWhat Florida Senate actually says:\n\n“the department may collect a civil penalty of up to $50,000 per violation and reasonable attorney fees and court costs. ... A commercial entity that violates subsection (2) for failing to prohibit access or prohibit a minor from future access to material harmful to minors after a report of unauthorized or unlawful access is liable to the minor for such access, including court costs and reasonable attorney fees... Claimants may be awarded up to $10,000 in damages.”\n\nNote: Full enrolled bill opened. HB 3 also created § 501.1736 (social media ban for under-14s, separately litigated). The § 501.1737 adult-content provisions are the ones relevant here. Section 501.1738 defines 'anonymous age verification.'",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2024/3/BillText/er/PDF",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Florida Senate",
      "evidence_quote": "the department may collect a civil penalty of up to $50,000 per violation and reasonable attorney fees and court costs. ... A commercial entity that violates subsection (2) for failing to prohibit access or prohibit a minor from future access to material harmful to minors after a report of unauthorized or unlawful access is liable to the minor for such access, including court costs and reasonable attorney fees... Claimants may be awarded up to $10,000 in damages.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Florida HB 3 (2024); Fla. Stat. § 501.1737 (and § 501.1738)",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Florida",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-fl"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_idaho_h498",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Idaho H 498 (2024); Idaho Code ch. 38, Title 6: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Idaho prohibits intentional publication/distribution of material harmful to minors and provides a private cause of action with exclusivity of private civil enforcement.",
      "body": "Idaho prohibits intentional publication/distribution of material harmful to minors and provides a private cause of action with exclusivity of private civil enforcement.\n\nWhat Idaho State Legislature actually says:\n\n“it is the intent of the legislature to enable a minor person, or the parent or guardian of such person, who is exposed to harmful material on the internet to bring an action to recover damages.”\n\nNote: Bill text opened in part (definitions and intent read; the operative verification-method and damages clauses were beyond the fetched chunks). Idaho is reported by aggregators to have an expanded private right of action; the exact penalty/method language was not fully read, so those specifics are only partially recorded.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/sessioninfo/2024/legislation/H0498.pdf",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Idaho State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "it is the intent of the legislature to enable a minor person, or the parent or guardian of such person, who is exposed to harmful material on the internet to bring an action to recover damages.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Idaho H 498 (2024); Idaho Code ch. 38, Title 6",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Idaho",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-id"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_arkansas_act612",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Arkansas Act 612 / SB 66 (2023); Ark. Code § 4-88-1101 et seq.: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Arkansas requires a commercial entity to use a reasonable age verification method before allowing access to a website containing a substantial portion of material harmful to minors, with an individual right of action and punitive damages.",
      "body": "Arkansas requires a commercial entity to use a reasonable age verification method before allowing access to a website containing a substantial portion of material harmful to minors, with an individual right of action and punitive damages.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly actually says:\n\n“A commercial entity shall use a reasonable age verification method before allowing access to a website that contains a substantial portion of material that is harmful to minors. ... Reasonable age verification methods... include providing: (1) A digitized identification card, including a digital copy of a driver's license under § 27-16-601 et seq.; (2) Government-issued [identification]...”\n\nNote: Act text opened and read. The 'government-issued...' item was cut off; the full list of methods may include additional items not recorded.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2023R%2FPublic%2FACT612.pdf",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "A commercial entity shall use a reasonable age verification method before allowing access to a website that contains a substantial portion of material that is harmful to minors. ... Reasonable age verification methods... include providing: (1) A digitized identification card, including a digital copy of a driver's license under § 27-16-601 et seq.; (2) Government-issued [identification]...",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Arkansas Act 612 / SB 66 (2023); Ark. Code § 4-88-1101 et seq.",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Arkansas",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ar"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_mississippi_sb2346",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Mississippi SB 2346 (2023): Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Mississippi requires commercial websites with more than one-third pornographic content to verify age or be liable to civil suit for damages.",
      "body": "Mississippi requires commercial websites with more than one-third pornographic content to verify age or be liable to civil suit for damages.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Mississippi SB 2346 Makes commercial websites where more than one-third of their content is pornographic liable to being sued for damages by individuals unless age verification using (1) state-approved digital ID, (2) independent, third-party age verification services checking authoritative databases or (3) a commercial reasonable method based on transaction data.”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run; summary from the opened AVPA page. Official link: http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2023/pdf/history/SB/SB2346.xml . Verification methods and private-right-of-action specifics not independently verified (see could_not_verify).",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Mississippi SB 2346 Makes commercial websites where more than one-third of their content is pornographic liable to being sued for damages by individuals unless age verification using (1) state-approved digital ID, (2) independent, third-party age verification services checking authoritative databases or (3) a commercial reasonable method based on transaction data.",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Mississippi SB 2346 (2023)",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Mississippi",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ms"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ms"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_montana_sb544",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Montana SB 544 (2023); Mont. Code Ann. § 30-14-159: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Montana requires adult-content sites to implement reasonable age verification for users before access.",
      "body": "Montana requires adult-content sites to implement reasonable age verification for users before access.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Montana · Montana SB 544 · January 1, 2024”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Montana · Montana SB 544 · January 1, 2024",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Montana SB 544 (2023); Mont. Code Ann. § 30-14-159",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Montana",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mt"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_northcarolina_hb8",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina HB 8 (2023); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 66-500: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina requires commercial age verification for adult-content websites.",
      "body": "North Carolina requires commercial age verification for adult-content websites.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“North Carolina · North Carolina HB 8 · January 1, 2024”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. Official link: https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/SessionLaws/HTML/2023-2024/2023-132/SL2023-132.html",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "North Carolina · North Carolina HB 8 · January 1, 2024",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "North Carolina HB 8 (2023); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 66-500",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "North Carolina",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_kansas_sb394",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Kansas SB 394 (2023): Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Kansas requires commercial age verification for adult-content websites; noted as having a lower (~25%) trigger than most states.",
      "body": "Kansas requires commercial age verification for adult-content websites; noted as having a lower (~25%) trigger than most states.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Kansas · Kansas SB 394 · July 1, 2024”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. The '~25% threshold' claim appears in one secondary source (automatehorizon) and is NOT confirmed here.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Kansas · Kansas SB 394 · July 1, 2024",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Kansas SB 394 (2023)",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Kansas",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ks"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_kentucky_hb278",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Kentucky HB 278 (2024); Ky. Rev. Stat. § 436.001: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Kentucky requires age verification for adult-content websites and is reported to carry stronger penalties.",
      "body": "Kentucky requires age verification for adult-content websites and is reported to carry stronger penalties.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Kentucky · Kentucky HB 278 · July 15, 2024”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Kentucky · Kentucky HB 278 · July 15, 2024",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Kentucky HB 278 (2024); Ky. Rev. Stat. § 436.001",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Kentucky",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ky"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_nebraska_lb1092",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Nebraska LB 1092 (2024); Neb. Rev. Stat. § 86-1703: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Nebraska requires age verification for adult-content websites.",
      "body": "Nebraska requires age verification for adult-content websites.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Nebraska · Nebraska LB 1092 · July 19, 2024”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. Note: AVPA lists effective 2024-07-19; other sources say 2024-07-18.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Nebraska · Nebraska LB 1092 · July 19, 2024",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Nebraska LB 1092 (2024); Neb. Rev. Stat. § 86-1703",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Nebraska",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ne"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_indiana_sb17",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Indiana SB 17 (2024); Ind. Code § 24-4-23: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Indiana requires age verification for adult-content websites and is reported to add health warnings and an expanded private right of action.",
      "body": "Indiana requires age verification for adult-content websites and is reported to add health warnings and an expanded private right of action.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Indiana · Indiana SB 17 · August 16, 2024”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. 'Expanded private right of action' and 'health warnings' claims come from a secondary source (automatehorizon) and are not confirmed.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Indiana · Indiana SB 17 · August 16, 2024",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Indiana SB 17 (2024); Ind. Code § 24-4-23",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Indiana",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-in"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-in"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_alabama_hb164",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Alabama HB 164 (2024); Ala. Code § 8-19G-2: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Alabama requires commercial age verification for adult-content websites; reported to carry stronger penalties.",
      "body": "Alabama requires commercial age verification for adult-content websites; reported to carry stronger penalties.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Alabama · [Alabama HB 164] · October 1, 2024”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Alabama · [Alabama HB 164] · October 1, 2024",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Alabama HB 164 (2024); Ala. Code § 8-19G-2",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Alabama",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-al"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_oklahoma_sb1959",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Oklahoma SB 1959 (2024); Okla. Stat. tit. 15, § 791.2: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Oklahoma requires age verification for adult-content websites and is reported to have an expanded private right of action.",
      "body": "Oklahoma requires age verification for adult-content websites and is reported to have an expanded private right of action.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Oklahoma · Oklahoma SB 1959 · November 1, 2024”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Oklahoma · Oklahoma SB 1959 · November 1, 2024",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Oklahoma SB 1959 (2024); Okla. Stat. tit. 15, § 791.2",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Oklahoma",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ok"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_southcarolina_hb3424",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] South Carolina HB 3424 (~2024); S.C. Code Ann. § 37-1-310: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] South Carolina requires age verification for adult-content websites.",
      "body": "South Carolina requires age verification for adult-content websites.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“South Carolina · South Carolina HB 3424 · January 1, 2025”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. (Some trackers cite 'H 3424' and effective 2025-01-01; bill number/status cross-checked via legiscan link in AVPA.)",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "South Carolina · South Carolina HB 3424 · January 1, 2025",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "South Carolina HB 3424 (~2024); S.C. Code Ann. § 37-1-310",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "South Carolina",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_tennessee_protect_minors_act",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Tennessee Protect Tennessee Minors Act / SB 1792: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Tennessee requires age verification for adult-content websites and is reported to carry felony-level penalties and periodic re-verification.",
      "body": "Tennessee requires age verification for adult-content websites and is reported to carry felony-level penalties and periodic re-verification.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Tennessee · Tennessee SB 1792 ... · January 1, 2025”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. 'Felony-level penalties' and 'periodic re-verification' come from aggregator/secondary sources and are not confirmed against statute. The 6th Circuit split ruling on Tennessee's social-media law (Aug/Sept 2026) relates to the separate social-media act, not the adult-content act.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Tennessee · Tennessee SB 1792 ... · January 1, 2025",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Tennessee Protect Tennessee Minors Act / SB 1792",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Tennessee",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-tn"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_georgia_sb351",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Georgia's SB 351 adult-content age-verification provisions took effect July 1, 2025.",
      "body": "Georgia's SB 351 adult-content age-verification provisions took effect July 1, 2025.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Georgia · [Georgia SB 351] · July 1, 2025”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened. Conflicting status among sources (some say the adult-content provisions are in force; superlawyers lists Georgia as 'enjoined'). This conflict (i.e., which portions are enjoined vs. in force) needs resolution and is flagged under could_not_verify.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "CREATOR STRATEGY",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Georgia · [Georgia SB 351] · July 1, 2025",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Georgia SB 351 (adult-content provisions); Ga. Code Ann. § 16-12-...",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Georgia",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ga"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ga"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_wyoming_hb43",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Wyoming HB 43 (2025); Wyo. Stat. § 14-3-501: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Wyoming requires a website where at least one-third of content is pornographic to perform reasonable age verification; reported to include a private right of action and to have NO content threshold carve-out in one secondary reading (contested).",
      "body": "Wyoming requires a website where at least one-third of content is pornographic to perform reasonable age verification; reported to include a private right of action and to have NO content threshold carve-out in one secondary reading (contested).\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Wyoming HB 43 Requires websites where at least one-third of the content is pornographic to perform \"reasonable age verification\". Includes private right of action.”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. The claim of 'no content threshold' (from automatehorizon) conflicts with the AVPA summary ('at least one-third'), so the threshold is contested and NOT recorded as fact.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Wyoming HB 43 Requires websites where at least one-third of the content is pornographic to perform \"reasonable age verification\". Includes private right of action.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Wyoming HB 43 (2025); Wyo. Stat. § 14-3-501",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Wyoming",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wy"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-wy"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_southdakota_hb1053",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] South Dakota HB 1053 (2025); S.D. Codified Laws § 22-24-69: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] South Dakota requires reasonable age verification for websites that create/host/make available material harmful to minors in the regular course of business.",
      "body": "South Dakota requires reasonable age verification for websites that create/host/make available material harmful to minors in the regular course of business.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“South Dakota HB 1053 Requires websites for which it is in the regular course of the website's trade or business to create, host, or make available material that is harmful to minors to implement \"reasonable age verification\"”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "South Dakota HB 1053 Requires websites for which it is in the regular course of the website's trade or business to create, host, or make available material that is harmful to minors to implement \"reasonable age verification\"",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "South Dakota HB 1053 (2025); S.D. Codified Laws § 22-24-69",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "South Dakota",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-sd"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_northdakota_hb1561",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Dakota HB 1561 (2025); N.D. Cent. Code § 51-07-32: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] North Dakota requires age verification for adult-content websites; the related SB 2380 (effective 2026-08-01) pushes age-signal duty onto devices/OS/app stores.",
      "body": "North Dakota requires age verification for adult-content websites; the related SB 2380 (effective 2026-08-01) pushes age-signal duty onto devices/OS/app stores.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“North Dakota · North Dakota HB 1561 North Dakota SB 2380 · August 1, 2025 August 1, 2026”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. SB 2380 device/OS-level provisions effective 2026-08-01 per AVPA. Two separate measures; the adult-content HB 1561 and device-level SB 2380 should be tracked separately.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "North Dakota · North Dakota HB 1561 North Dakota SB 2380 · August 1, 2025 August 1, 2026",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "North Dakota HB 1561 (2025); N.D. Cent. Code § 51-07-32",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "North Dakota",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nd"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_arizona_hb2112",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Arizona HB 2112 (2025); Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 18-701: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Arizona requires age verification for adult-content websites; reported to require government ID + selfie match.",
      "body": "Arizona requires age verification for adult-content websites; reported to require government ID + selfie match.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Arizona · Arizona HB 2112 · September 26, 2025”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. 'Gov ID + selfie match' detail from secondary source (stateofsurveillance) not confirmed.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Arizona · Arizona HB 2112 · September 26, 2025",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Arizona HB 2112 (2025); Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 18-701",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Arizona",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-az"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_ohio_hb96",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ohio HB 96 (2025); Ohio Rev. Code § 1349.40: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ohio requires websites displaying material obscene/harmful to juveniles to use reasonable age verification and geofencing to block minors in Ohio, with AG enforcement and periodic re-verification.",
      "body": "Ohio requires websites displaying material obscene/harmful to juveniles to use reasonable age verification and geofencing to block minors in Ohio, with AG enforcement and periodic re-verification.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Ohio HB 96 Requires websites displaying material \"obscene or harmful to juveniles\" to use reasonable age verification and geofencing to block minors in Ohio. Mandates periodic re-verification, strict data deletion rules, and allows the Ohio Attorney General to enforce penalties.”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. Notable because Pornhub remains available in Ohio (secondary reporting), reportedly due to an interactive-computer-service carve-out.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Ohio HB 96 Requires websites displaying material \"obscene or harmful to juveniles\" to use reasonable age verification and geofencing to block minors in Ohio. Mandates periodic re-verification, strict data deletion rules, and allows the Ohio Attorney General to enforce penalties.",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Ohio HB 96 (2025); Ohio Rev. Code § 1349.40",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Ohio",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-oh"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_missouri_ag_rule_15csr60_18",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Missouri 15 CSR 60-18.010 (Attorney General rule): Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Missouri requires websites where at least one-third of content is pornographic to perform reasonable age verification, adopted by AG rule effective November 30, 2025.",
      "body": "Missouri requires websites where at least one-third of content is pornographic to perform reasonable age verification, adopted by AG rule effective November 30, 2025.\n\nWhat AVPA Ltd. actually says:\n\n“Missouri 15 CSR 60-18 Requires websites where at least one-third of the content is pornographic to perform \"reasonable age verification\". ... November 30, 2025”\n\nNote: Rule is an administrative code provision, not a statute. I attempted to open the Missouri Register PDF (the rule source) but it is a large multi-section document; the specific rule page 7 was not extracted in this run. This is an unusual enforcement mechanism (AG rule rather than statute).",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://avpassociation.com/us-state-age-verification-laws-for-adult-content/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "AVPA Ltd.",
      "evidence_quote": "Missouri 15 CSR 60-18 Requires websites where at least one-third of the content is pornographic to perform \"reasonable age verification\". ... November 30, 2025",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Missouri 15 CSR 60-18.010 (Attorney General rule)",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Missouri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mo"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_missouri_hb1839",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Missouri HB 1839: Enacted but not yet effective adult-content law",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Missouri HB 1839 was enacted (approved by Governor on 2026-07-09) and takes legal effect August 28, 2026.",
      "body": "Missouri HB 1839 was enacted (approved by Governor on 2026-07-09) and takes legal effect August 28, 2026.\n\nWhat Free Speech Coalition actually says:\n\n“Missouri HB 1839 | Enacted | Approved by Governor | 2026-07-09”\n\nNote: The FSC tracker labels it 'Enacted'; a secondary source states it does not take legal effect until Aug 28, 2026. Date-of-effect is contested between sources.",
      "source_type": "community",
      "source_link": "https://action.freespeechcoalition.com/age-verification-bills/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "CREATOR STRATEGY",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_publisher": "Free Speech Coalition",
      "evidence_quote": "Missouri HB 1839 | Enacted | Approved by Governor | 2026-07-09",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Missouri HB 1839",
      "topic": "Enacted but not yet effective adult-content law",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Missouri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mo"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_westvirginia_hb4412",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] West Virginia HB 4412 (2026); W. Va. Code § 49-1-101: Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] West Virginia requires commercial age verification for adult-content websites, effective June 12, 2026.",
      "body": "West Virginia requires commercial age verification for adult-content websites, effective June 12, 2026.\n\nWhat Free Speech Coalition actually says:\n\n“West Virginia HB 4412 | Enacted | Signed by the Governor | 2026-04-02 | civil fines,private lawsuits”\n\nNote: FSC tracker lists enforcement as 'civil fines, private lawsuits' (indicating a private right of action) but the statute text was NOT opened in this run.",
      "source_type": "community",
      "source_link": "https://action.freespeechcoalition.com/age-verification-bills/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "CREATOR STRATEGY",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_publisher": "Free Speech Coalition",
      "evidence_quote": "West Virginia HB 4412 | Enacted | Signed by the Governor | 2026-04-02 | civil fines,private lawsuits",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "West Virginia HB 4412 (2026); W. Va. Code § 49-1-101",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "West Virginia",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wv"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_iowa_hf864",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa HF 864 (enacted 2026-06-02): Adult-content age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa's age-verification for adult-content websites was enacted (signed by Governor 2026-06-02) and took effect July 1, 2026.",
      "body": "Iowa's age-verification for adult-content websites was enacted (signed by Governor 2026-06-02) and took effect July 1, 2026.\n\nWhat Free Speech Coalition actually says:\n\n“Iowa HF 864 | Enacted | Signed by Governor | 2026-06-02 | civil fines”\n\nNote: Statute text NOT opened in this run. Note the FSC tracker URL slug for this bill is 'iowa-hf-62' but the bill is HF 864.",
      "source_type": "community",
      "source_link": "https://action.freespeechcoalition.com/age-verification-bills/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "CREATOR STRATEGY",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_publisher": "Free Speech Coalition",
      "evidence_quote": "Iowa HF 864 | Enacted | Signed by Governor | 2026-06-02 | civil fines",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Iowa HF 864 (enacted 2026-06-02)",
      "topic": "Adult-content age verification",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Iowa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ia"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_federal_kids_act_2026",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Federal children's online safety package (not yet law)",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] As of Aug 2026, the KIDS Act has passed its first committee and was referred to the Senate Commerce Committee; the SCREEN Act failed to pass the Senate Commerce Committee. No federal adult-content age-verification law has been enacted.",
      "body": "As of Aug 2026, the KIDS Act has passed its first committee and was referred to the Senate Commerce Committee; the SCREEN Act failed to pass the Senate Commerce Committee. No federal adult-content age-verification law has been enacted.\n\nWhat Free Speech Coalition actually says:\n\n“KIDS Act (H.R. 7757) | Passed first committee | Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. | 2026-07-13”\n\nNote: Federal status changes often; KOSA and COPPA 2.0 also remain unenacted per secondary sources.",
      "source_type": "community",
      "source_link": "https://action.freespeechcoalition.com/age-verification-bills/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "CREATOR STRATEGY",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_publisher": "Free Speech Coalition",
      "evidence_quote": "KIDS Act (H.R. 7757) | Passed first committee | Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. | 2026-07-13",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Federal KIDS Act (H.R. 7757) / SCREEN Act / KOSA",
      "topic": "Federal children's online safety package (not yet law)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Federal",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r16_us_state_age_verification_platform_aylo_geoblock",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Pornhub / Aylo geographic blocks: Platform geoblocking in response to state age-verification laws",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Aylo (Pornhub's parent) has blocked access in ~25 states rather than deploy age-verification. The block list is reported by Aylo to Mashable; Aylo's own US newsroom statement for the US blocks was not opened in this run.",
      "body": "Aylo (Pornhub's parent) has blocked access in ~25 states rather than deploy age-verification. The block list is reported by Aylo to Mashable; Aylo's own US newsroom statement for the US blocks was not opened in this run.\n\nWhat Mashable actually says:\n\n“Aylo, the parent company of Pornhub... has blocked itself in 25 U.S. states as of July 2026. ... \"These people did not stop looking for porn. They just migrated to darker corners of the internet...\" Aylo stated when asked for comment by Mashable.”\n\nNote: Per standing rule, geoblock is only recorded where the platform's own statement says so. This record rests on Aylo's statement as quoted by Mashable (tier B journalism); Aylo's own US-newsroom statement on US blocks was NOT opened. Aylo's official statement page that I DID open (aylo.com/newsroom) concerns the UK, not US states. Exact block list changes frequently.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://mashable.com/article/pornhub-blocked-states-2025",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "Mashable",
      "evidence_quote": "Aylo, the parent company of Pornhub... has blocked itself in 25 U.S. states as of July 2026. ... \"These people did not stop looking for porn. They just migrated to darker corners of the internet...\" Aylo stated when asked for comment by Mashable.",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "16-us-state-age-verification",
      "subject": "Pornhub / Aylo geographic blocks",
      "topic": "Platform geoblocking in response to state age-verification laws",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "Platform-level business decision, not a government ban",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}