{
  "batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r184_new_york_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_ny_av_statute_exists",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] What Article 45 covers (an addictive-feeds law, not adult-content age verification)",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] New York General Business Law Article 45, the SAFE for Kids Act, includes sections on prohibition of addictive feeds, overnight notifications and parental control. The NY Senate's statute page notes the article is effective January 25, 2027.",
      "body": "New York General Business Law Article 45, the SAFE for Kids Act, includes sections on prohibition of addictive feeds, overnight notifications and parental control. The NY Senate's statute page notes the article is effective January 25, 2027.\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Open Legislation) actually says:\n\n“1501. Prohibition of addictive feeds. … 1502. Overnight notifications. … 1503. Parental control. … * NB Effective January 25, 2027”\n\nNote: Addictive-feeds law, not an adult-content age-verification law. Not yet effective on the check date; recheck after 2027-01-25. Page shows latest revision 2026-07-31.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/A45",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-25",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Open Legislation)",
      "evidence_quote": "1501. Prohibition of addictive feeds. … 1502. Overnight notifications. … 1503. Parental control. … * NB Effective January 25, 2027",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "subject": "New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act)",
      "topic": "what Article 45 covers (an addictive-feeds law, not adult-content age verification)",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ny",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "choosing",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.id",
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "none_on_camera"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ny"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r184_new_york_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_ny_av_statute_bound_entity",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act): whom the statute binds",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The statute binds 'covered operators' — defined as any person, business, or other legal entity who operates or provides an 'addictive social media platform' — not individual creators who post content on someone else's platform.",
      "body": "The statute binds 'covered operators' — defined as any person, business, or other legal entity who operates or provides an 'addictive social media platform' — not individual creators who post content on someone else's platform.\n\nWhat New York State Senate actually says:\n\n“7. \"Covered operator\" shall mean any person, business, or other legal entity, who operates or provides an addictive social media platform. 2. \"Addictive social media platform\" shall mean a website, online service, online application, or mobile application, that offers or provides users an addictive feed as a significant part of the services provided by such website, online service, online application, or mobile application.”\n\nNote: An individual creator selling their own content through a platform (OnlyFans, Fansly, etc.) is a 'user' not an 'operator' under this statute. The duty falls on the platform operator.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/1500",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate",
      "evidence_quote": "7. \"Covered operator\" shall mean any person, business, or other legal entity, who operates or provides an addictive social media platform. 2. \"Addictive social media platform\" shall mean a website, online service, online application, or mobile application, that offers or provides users an addictive feed as a significant part of the services provided by such website, online service, online application, or mobile application.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "subject": "New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act)",
      "topic": "whom the statute binds",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ny",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "choosing",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.signup",
          "access.id"
        ],
        "explicitness": "none_on_camera"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ny"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r184_new_york_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_ny_av_statute_threshold",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act): threshold triggering age-verification duty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The duty applies to operators of 'addictive social media platforms' — those that offer an 'addictive feed' (algorithmic recommendation based on user data) as a 'significant part of the services' — not to all websites or platforms.",
      "body": "The duty applies to operators of 'addictive social media platforms' — those that offer an 'addictive feed' (algorithmic recommendation based on user data) as a 'significant part of the services' — not to all websites or platforms.\n\nWhat New York State Senate actually says:\n\n“1. \"Addictive feed\" shall mean a website, online service, online application, or mobile application, or a portion thereof, in which multiple pieces of media generated or shared by users of a website, online service, online application, or mobile application, either concurrently or sequentially, are recommended, selected, or prioritized for display to a user based, in whole or in part, on information associated with the user or the user's device, unless any of the following conditions are met... 2. \"Addictive social media platform\" shall mean a website, online service, online application, or mobile application, that offers or provides users an addictive feed as a significant part of the services provided by such website, online service, online application, or mobile application.”\n\nNote: Threshold is qualitative ('significant part of the services') not a fixed percentage of adult content or volume. Platforms without algorithmic feeds (e.g., chronological-only) may fall outside.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/1500",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate",
      "evidence_quote": "1. \"Addictive feed\" shall mean a website, online service, online application, or mobile application, or a portion thereof, in which multiple pieces of media generated or shared by users of a website, online service, online application, or mobile application, either concurrently or sequentially, are recommended, selected, or prioritized for display to a user based, in whole or in part, on information associated with the user or the user's device, unless any of the following conditions are met... 2. \"Addictive social media platform\" shall mean a website, online service, online application, or mobile application, that offers or provides users an addictive feed as a significant part of the services provided by such website, online service, online application, or mobile application.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "subject": "New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act)",
      "topic": "threshold triggering age-verification duty",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ny",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "choosing",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.id",
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "none_on_camera"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ny"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r184_new_york_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_ny_av_statute_verification_methods",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act): acceptable age-verification methods",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The statute requires 'commercially reasonable and technically feasible methods' to determine if a user is a minor, with specific methods to be defined by Attorney General regulations; regulations must include at least one method that does not rely solely on government ID or that allows anonymity.",
      "body": "The statute requires 'commercially reasonable and technically feasible methods' to determine if a user is a minor, with specific methods to be defined by Attorney General regulations; regulations must include at least one method that does not rely solely on government ID or that allows anonymity.\n\nWhat New York State Senate actually says:\n\n“(a) the covered operator has used commercially reasonable and technically feasible methods to determine that the covered user is not a covered minor; ... (c) Such regulations shall also identify the appropriate levels of accuracy that would be commercially reasonable and technically feasible for covered operators to achieve in determining whether a covered user is a covered minor. Such regulations shall set forth multiple commercially reasonable and technically feasible methods for a covered operator to determine if a covered user is a covered minor, including at least one method that either does not rely solely on government issued identification or that allows a covered user to maintain anonymity as to the covered operator of the addictive social media platform.”\n\nNote: AG final rules (13 NYCRR Part 700) published July 2026 specify accuracy minimums by age band and certification requirements for age assurance methods.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/1501",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate",
      "evidence_quote": "(a) the covered operator has used commercially reasonable and technically feasible methods to determine that the covered user is not a covered minor; ... (c) Such regulations shall also identify the appropriate levels of accuracy that would be commercially reasonable and technically feasible for covered operators to achieve in determining whether a covered user is a covered minor. Such regulations shall set forth multiple commercially reasonable and technically feasible methods for a covered operator to determine if a covered user is a covered minor, including at least one method that either does not rely solely on government issued identification or that allows a covered user to maintain anonymity as to the covered operator of the addictive social media platform.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "subject": "New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act)",
      "topic": "acceptable age-verification methods",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ny",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.id"
        ],
        "explicitness": "none_on_camera"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ny"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r184_new_york_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_ny_av_statute_data_retention",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act): retention and deletion of verification data",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Information collected for age determination must be deleted immediately after the attempt to determine age, except where necessary for compliance with other NY or federal law.",
      "body": "Information collected for age determination must be deleted immediately after the attempt to determine age, except where necessary for compliance with other NY or federal law.\n\nWhat New York State Senate actually says:\n\n“3. Information collected for the purpose of determining a covered user's age under paragraph (a) of subdivision one of this section shall not be used for any purpose other than age determination and shall be deleted immediately after an attempt to determine a covered user's age, except where necessary for compliance with any applicable provisions of New York state or federal law or regulation.”\n\nNote: Same immediate-deletion rule applies to verifiable parental consent data (subdivision 5).",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/1501",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate",
      "evidence_quote": "3. Information collected for the purpose of determining a covered user's age under paragraph (a) of subdivision one of this section shall not be used for any purpose other than age determination and shall be deleted immediately after an attempt to determine a covered user's age, except where necessary for compliance with any applicable provisions of New York state or federal law or regulation.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "subject": "New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act)",
      "topic": "retention and deletion of verification data",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ny",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.privacy"
        ],
        "explicitness": "none_on_camera"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ny"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r184_new_york_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_ny_av_statute_enforcement",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act): enforcement mechanism and penalties",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Enforcement is solely by the Attorney General — no private right of action — with civil penalties up to $5,000 per violation, plus injunctive relief, restitution, disgorgement, and damages.",
      "body": "Enforcement is solely by the Attorney General — no private right of action — with civil penalties up to $5,000 per violation, plus injunctive relief, restitution, disgorgement, and damages.\n\nWhat New York State Senate actually says:\n\n“1. No earlier than one hundred eighty days after the effective date of this article, whenever it appears to the attorney general, either upon complaint or otherwise, that any person, within or outside the state, has engaged in or is about to engage in any of the acts or practices stated to be unlawful in this article, the attorney general may bring an action or special proceeding in the name and on behalf of the people of the state of New York to enjoin any violation of this article, to obtain restitution of any moneys or property obtained directly or indirectly by any such violation, to obtain disgorgement of any profits or gains obtained directly or indirectly by any such violation, including but not limited to the destruction of unlawfully obtained data, to obtain damages caused directly or indirectly by any such violation, to obtain civil penalties of up to five thousand dollars per violation, and to obtain any such other and further relief as the court may deem proper, including preliminary relief.”\n\nNote: No private right of action. AG maintains a public complaint website per subdivision 2.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/1508",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate",
      "evidence_quote": "1. No earlier than one hundred eighty days after the effective date of this article, whenever it appears to the attorney general, either upon complaint or otherwise, that any person, within or outside the state, has engaged in or is about to engage in any of the acts or practices stated to be unlawful in this article, the attorney general may bring an action or special proceeding in the name and on behalf of the people of the state of New York to enjoin any violation of this article, to obtain restitution of any moneys or property obtained directly or indirectly by any such violation, to obtain disgorgement of any profits or gains obtained directly or indirectly by any such violation, including but not limited to the destruction of unlawfully obtained data, to obtain damages caused directly or indirectly by any such violation, to obtain civil penalties of up to five thousand dollars per violation, and to obtain any such other and further relief as the court may deem proper, including preliminary relief.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "subject": "New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act)",
      "topic": "enforcement mechanism and penalties",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ny",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "trouble",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement",
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "none_on_camera"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ny"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r184_new_york_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_ny_av_statute_injunction_status",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act): whether any court has enjoined the statute",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] As of September 2026, no court has enjoined the SAFE for Kids Act; NetChoice and EFF have criticized it but neither has filed a lawsuit against New York over this law.",
      "body": "As of September 2026, no court has enjoined the SAFE for Kids Act; NetChoice and EFF have criticized it but neither has filed a lawsuit against New York over this law.\n\nWhat Wikipedia (citing NetChoice and EFF public statements) actually says:\n\n“The bill has been criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation and NetChoice because the law requires age verification, which they assert strips away privacy and chills free speech. However, neither of them has yet sued New York over the law yet.”\n\nNote: NetChoice's July 2026 statement criticizes the final rules but does not announce a filed complaint. Lawsuit could be filed before effective date (Jan 25, 2027). Volatility high because litigation is anticipated.",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAFE_For_Kids_Act",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "Wikipedia (citing NetChoice and EFF public statements)",
      "evidence_quote": "The bill has been criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation and NetChoice because the law requires age verification, which they assert strips away privacy and chills free speech. However, neither of them has yet sued New York over the law yet.",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "subject": "New York General Business Law Article 45 (SAFE for Kids Act)",
      "topic": "whether any court has enjoined the statute",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ny",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "trouble",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement",
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "none_on_camera"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ny"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r184_new_york_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_ny_av_adult_content_bill_status",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Adult-content age-verification bill status",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] New York has NO enacted age-verification statute for adult/pornography websites; bills A3946/S3591 (adding GBL §390-f) were introduced in January 2025 but remain in committee (Consumer Affairs / Internet and Technology) and have not passed.",
      "body": "New York has NO enacted age-verification statute for adult/pornography websites; bills A3946/S3591 (adding GBL §390-f) were introduced in January 2025 but remain in committee (Consumer Affairs / Internet and Technology) and have not passed.\n\nWhat New York State Senate actually says:\n\n“Current Committee: Assembly Consumer Affairs And Protection ... Law Section: General Business Law ... Laws Affected: Add §390-f, Gen Bus L ... Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2026-05-21 - DEFEATED IN INTERNET AND TECHNOLOGY [S03591 Detail]”\n\nNote: S3591 marked 'DEFEATED IN INTERNET AND TECHNOLOGY' on LegiScan (May 21, 2026). A3946 remains in Assembly Consumer Affairs. No adult-content age-verification law is in force in NY. GBL §390-f does not exist in current law (404 on nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/390-F).",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/A3946",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate",
      "evidence_quote": "Current Committee: Assembly Consumer Affairs And Protection ... Law Section: General Business Law ... Laws Affected: Add §390-f, Gen Bus L ... Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2026-05-21 - DEFEATED IN INTERNET AND TECHNOLOGY [S03591 Detail]",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "184-new-york-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "subject": "New York Assembly Bill A3946 / Senate Bill S3591 (2025-2026)",
      "topic": "adult-content age-verification bill status",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ny",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "choosing",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.id",
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "explicit_solo"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-ny"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}