{
  "batch": "217-michigan-privacy-and-image-law-for-creators",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r217_michigan_privacy_and_image_law_for_creators_anchor_michigan_statutes",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan law: Access.signup",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan's official statutory code is the Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) and can be accessed through the Michigan Legislature website",
      "body": "Michigan's official statutory code is the Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) and can be accessed through the Michigan Legislature website\n\nWhat State of Michigan actually says:\n\n“Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) and the index URL pattern is https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-XXXX-XXXX, as confirmed by references on michigan.gov pages.”\n\nNote: The Michigan Legislature site was unreachable via webfetch but the code name and index URL pattern were confirmed through references on michigan.gov pages including the Attorney General and Secretary of State sites.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.michigan.gov/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "State of Michigan",
      "evidence_quote": "Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) and the index URL pattern is https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-XXXX-XXXX, as confirmed by references on michigan.gov pages.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "217-michigan-privacy-and-image-law-for-creators",
      "subject": "Michigan law",
      "topic": "Access.signup",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.signup"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r217_michigan_privacy_and_image_law_for_creators_michigan_civil_remedy_deepfake",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan law: Rules.content",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan provides a civil cause of action for victims of nonconsensual deep fakes under MCL 752.383, allowing recovery of economic and noneconomic damages, temporary restraining orders, and permanent injunctions",
      "body": "Michigan provides a civil cause of action for victims of nonconsensual deep fakes under MCL 752.383, allowing recovery of economic and noneconomic damages, temporary restraining orders, and permanent injunctions\n\nWhat Michigan State Police actually says:\n\n“Civil Cause of Action\n**Requirements for civil action:** The requirements for bringing a civil action against a person for the nonconsensual creation or dissemination of a “deep fake” are detailed in [MCL 752.383](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-383).\n\n**Accrual, venue, and confidentiality:** The accrual and venue for a cause of action under [MCL 752.383](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-383), and the allowance of confidential filings and injunctive relief to protect confidentiality of the plaintiff using a pseudonym are detailed in [MCL 752.384](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-384).\n\n**Defenses:** The available defenses to a civil action under MCL 752.383 are detailed in [MCL 752.385](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-385).\n\n**Remedies:** The economic and noneconomic damages that may be recovered from a person found liable because of the creation or dissemination of the deep fake, and the availability of a temporary restraining order or permanent injunction to prevent further harm, are detailed in [MCL 752.386](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-386).”\n\nNote: This record addresses the civil remedy for nonconsensual intimate image distribution through Michigan's Protection from Intimate Deep Fakes Act (Public Act 11 of 2025), which provides analogous protections to nonconsensual intimate image laws.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.michigan.gov/msp/le/legal-resources/legal-update/legal-updates-pages/168",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan State Police",
      "evidence_quote": "Civil Cause of Action\n**Requirements for civil action:** The requirements for bringing a civil action against a person for the nonconsensual creation or dissemination of a “deep fake” are detailed in [MCL 752.383](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-383).\n\n**Accrual, venue, and confidentiality:** The accrual and venue for a cause of action under [MCL 752.383](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-383), and the allowance of confidential filings and injunctive relief to protect confidentiality of the plaintiff using a pseudonym are detailed in [MCL 752.384](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-384).\n\n**Defenses:** The available defenses to a civil action under MCL 752.383 are detailed in [MCL 752.385](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-385).\n\n**Remedies:** The economic and noneconomic damages that may be recovered from a person found liable because of the creation or dissemination of the deep fake, and the availability of a temporary restraining order or permanent injunction to prevent further harm, are detailed in [MCL 752.386](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-386).",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "217-michigan-privacy-and-image-law-for-creators",
      "subject": "Michigan law",
      "topic": "Rules.content",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "explicit_solo",
        "stage": "trouble",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content",
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "explicit_solo"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r217_michigan_privacy_and_image_law_for_creators_michigan_criminal_penalty_deepfake",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan law: Safety.legal",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan criminalizes the nonconsensual creation or dissemination of deep fakes as a 1-year misdemeanor under MCL 752.388(1), with aggravated offenses punishable as a 3-year felony under MCL 752.388(3)",
      "body": "Michigan criminalizes the nonconsensual creation or dissemination of deep fakes as a 1-year misdemeanor under MCL 752.388(1), with aggravated offenses punishable as a 3-year felony under MCL 752.388(3)\n\nWhat Michigan State Police actually says:\n\n“Creation or Dissemination of “Deep Fakes”\nAn individual who intentionally creates or disseminates a “deep fake” of a depicted individual is guilty of a **1-year misdemeanor** if all the following apply:\n\n-   The individual knew or reasonably should have known that the creation, distribution, dissemination, or reproduction of the deep fake would cause physical, emotional, reputational, or economic harm to an individual falsely depicted.\n-   The deep fake realistically depicts the intimate parts of the depicted individual or the depicted individual engaging in a sexual act.\n-   The depicted individual is identifiable from the deep fake itself, by the depicted individual or by a reasonable individual viewing or listening to the deep fake or from the personal information displayed in connection with the deep fake. [MCL 752.388(1)](https://legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-388).\n\n**Note:** This act does not affect the ability to prosecute a person under any other law. [MCL 752.389(1)](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-389).\n\n### Aggravated Creation or Dissemination of “Deep Fakes”\nAn individual who intentionally creates or disseminates a “deep fake” in violation of MCL 752.388(1) is guilty of a **3-year felony** if 1 or more of the following also apply:\n\n-   The depicted individual suffers financial loss because of the creation or dissemination of the deep fake.\n-   The individual creates or disseminates the deep fake with intent to profit from the dissemination.\n-   The individual maintains an internet website, online service, online application, or mobile application for the purpose of creating or disseminating the deep fake.\n-   The individual posts the deep fake on a website.\n-   The individual creates or disseminates the deep fake with intent to harass, extort, threaten, or cause physical, emotional, reputational, or economic harm to the depicted individual.\n-   The individual has previously been convicted of creating or disseminating a “deep fake.”  MCL 752.388(3)\n\n**Note:** This act does not affect the ability to prosecute a person under any other law. [MCL 752.389(1)](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-389).”\n\nNote: This record addresses the criminal counterpart for nonconsensual intimate image distribution through Michigan's Protection from Intimate Deep Fakes Act (Public Act 11 of 2025), which provides analogous protections to nonconsensual intimate image laws.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.michigan.gov/msp/le/legal-resources/legal-update/legal-updates-pages/168",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan State Police",
      "evidence_quote": "Creation or Dissemination of “Deep Fakes”\nAn individual who intentionally creates or disseminates a “deep fake” of a depicted individual is guilty of a **1-year misdemeanor** if all the following apply:\n\n-   The individual knew or reasonably should have known that the creation, distribution, dissemination, or reproduction of the deep fake would cause physical, emotional, reputational, or economic harm to an individual falsely depicted.\n-   The deep fake realistically depicts the intimate parts of the depicted individual or the depicted individual engaging in a sexual act.\n-   The depicted individual is identifiable from the deep fake itself, by the depicted individual or by a reasonable individual viewing or listening to the deep fake or from the personal information displayed in connection with the deep fake. [MCL 752.388(1)](https://legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-388).\n\n**Note:** This act does not affect the ability to prosecute a person under any other law. [MCL 752.389(1)](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-389).\n\n### Aggravated Creation or Dissemination of “Deep Fakes”\nAn individual who intentionally creates or disseminates a “deep fake” in violation of MCL 752.388(1) is guilty of a **3-year felony** if 1 or more of the following also apply:\n\n-   The depicted individual suffers financial loss because of the creation or dissemination of the deep fake.\n-   The individual creates or disseminates the deep fake with intent to profit from the dissemination.\n-   The individual maintains an internet website, online service, online application, or mobile application for the purpose of creating or disseminating the deep fake.\n-   The individual posts the deep fake on a website.\n-   The individual creates or disseminates the deep fake with intent to harass, extort, threaten, or cause physical, emotional, reputational, or economic harm to the depicted individual.\n-   The individual has previously been convicted of creating or disseminating a “deep fake.”  MCL 752.388(3)\n\n**Note:** This act does not affect the ability to prosecute a person under any other law. [MCL 752.389(1)](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-752-389).",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "217-michigan-privacy-and-image-law-for-creators",
      "subject": "Michigan law",
      "topic": "Safety.legal",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "explicit_solo",
        "stage": "trouble",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal",
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "explicit_solo"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r217_michigan_privacy_and_image_law_for_creators_michigan_acp_program_details",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan law: Access.id",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan's Address Confidentiality Program (ACP) provides victims of domestic violence, stalking, sexual assault, human trafficking, or those at risk of harm with a designated substitute address and free mail forwarding service, administered by the Attorney General",
      "body": "Michigan's Address Confidentiality Program (ACP) provides victims of domestic violence, stalking, sexual assault, human trafficking, or those at risk of harm with a designated substitute address and free mail forwarding service, administered by the Attorney General\n\nWhat Michigan Department of Attorney General actually says:\n\n“The Program (ACP) was created to conceal the addresses of victims of stalking, domestic violence, sexual assault, human trafficking, and of individuals at risk of being threatened or physically harmed from being located by their perpetrators through public records.\n\nACP provides victims with a designated (substitute) address that can be used instead of their real address. The designated address can be used by governmental entities, employers, schools, or institutions of higher education, whenever an address is required by public agencies. Private companies are not required by law to use the designated (substitute) address; however, program participants can request they use it.\n\nACP provides a free mail forwarding service. All first-class, certified, and registered mail sent to the designated (substitute) address will be processed and forwarded to the participant’s real/confidential address. This service does not forward 3rd class mail or packages.\n\nDo not file a change of address with the post office; doing so will make the address public.\n\n### Who can enroll in ACP?\nAn individual 18 years of age or older, an emancipated minor, a parent or guardian acting on behalf of a minor or a ward (incapacitated person) must be:\n\n-   A victim of domestic violence, stalking, sexual assault, human trafficking, or an individual at risk of being threatened or physically harmed.\n-   Planning to move.\n-   Not listed in the Sex Offender Registry.\n\n### Renewal Process\nYour participation in the ACP is valid for four years and can be renewed if needed. You will receive a renewal notice from the ACP before your participation expires.”\n\nNote: This record details Michigan's Address Confidentiality Program, including eligibility requirements, program benefits (substitute address and mail forwarding), administration by the Attorney General, and four-year certification renewal period.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.michigan.gov/ag/initiatives/address-confidentiality-program/acp-applicants",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Department of Attorney General",
      "evidence_quote": "The Program (ACP) was created to conceal the addresses of victims of stalking, domestic violence, sexual assault, human trafficking, and of individuals at risk of being threatened or physically harmed from being located by their perpetrators through public records.\n\nACP provides victims with a designated (substitute) address that can be used instead of their real address. The designated address can be used by governmental entities, employers, schools, or institutions of higher education, whenever an address is required by public agencies. Private companies are not required by law to use the designated (substitute) address; however, program participants can request they use it.\n\nACP provides a free mail forwarding service. All first-class, certified, and registered mail sent to the designated (substitute) address will be processed and forwarded to the participant’s real/confidential address. This service does not forward 3rd class mail or packages.\n\nDo not file a change of address with the post office; doing so will make the address public.\n\n### Who can enroll in ACP?\nAn individual 18 years of age or older, an emancipated minor, a parent or guardian acting on behalf of a minor or a ward (incapacitated person) must be:\n\n-   A victim of domestic violence, stalking, sexual assault, human trafficking, or an individual at risk of being threatened or physically harmed.\n-   Planning to move.\n-   Not listed in the Sex Offender Registry.\n\n### Renewal Process\nYour participation in the ACP is valid for four years and can be renewed if needed. You will receive a renewal notice from the ACP before your participation expires.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "217-michigan-privacy-and-image-law-for-creators",
      "subject": "Michigan law",
      "topic": "Access.id",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.id",
          "safety.privacy"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}