{
  "batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_chapter_index_anchor",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Chapter index page identifying Virginia's prostitution offences",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Virginia's prostitution offences are contained in Title 18.2, Chapter 8 (Crimes Involving Morals and Decency), Article 3 (Commercial Sex Trafficking, Prostitution, Etc.)",
      "body": "Virginia's prostitution offences are contained in Title 18.2, Chapter 8 (Crimes Involving Morals and Decency), Article 3 (Commercial Sex Trafficking, Prostitution, Etc.)\n\nWhat Code of Virginia (Virginia General Assembly via LIS) actually says:\n\n“Chapter 8. Crimes Involving Morals and Decency\n\nArticle 3.\n\nCommercial Sex Trafficking, Prostitution, Etc.”\n\nNote: The anchor record from the official Code of Virginia index page at law.lis.virginia.gov. The chapter list confirms prostitution offences reside in Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 8 (Crimes Involving Morals and Decency), specifically Article 3 titled 'Commercial Sex Trafficking, Prostitution, Etc.'",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia (Virginia General Assembly via LIS)",
      "evidence_quote": "Chapter 8. Crimes Involving Morals and Decency\n\nArticle 3.\n\nCommercial Sex Trafficking, Prostitution, Etc.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Code of Virginia Title 18.2 Chapter 8 Crimes Involving Morals and Decency",
      "topic": "Chapter index page identifying Virginia's prostitution offences",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_346",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Prostitution offence and penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who for money or its equivalent performs specified sexual acts or offers to do so and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance is guilty of prostitution, punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor",
      "body": "Any person who for money or its equivalent performs specified sexual acts or offers to do so and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance is guilty of prostitution, punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“Any person who, for money or its equivalent, (i) commits any act in violation of § 18.2-361; performs cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus upon or by another person; engages in sexual intercourse or anal intercourse; touches the unclothed genitals or anus of another person with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify; or allows another to touch his unclothed genitals or anus with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify or (ii) offers to commit any act in violation of § 18.2-361; perform cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus upon or by another person; engage in sexual intercourse or anal intercourse; touch the unclothed genitals or anus of another person with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify; or allow another to touch his unclothed genitals or anus with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance thereof is guilty of prostitution, which is punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor.”\n\nNote: The statute turns on a fee (money or its equivalent) as an element. The offence is complete by performing the listed acts for money or offering to perform them and taking a substantial act in furtherance.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-346/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "Any person who, for money or its equivalent, (i) commits any act in violation of § 18.2-361; performs cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus upon or by another person; engages in sexual intercourse or anal intercourse; touches the unclothed genitals or anus of another person with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify; or allows another to touch his unclothed genitals or anus with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify or (ii) offers to commit any act in violation of § 18.2-361; perform cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus upon or by another person; engage in sexual intercourse or anal intercourse; touch the unclothed genitals or anus of another person with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify; or allow another to touch his unclothed genitals or anus with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance thereof is guilty of prostitution, which is punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia prostitution statute",
      "topic": "Prostitution offence and penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_346_01",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Solicitation of prostitution and commercial exploitation of minors",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who offers money or its equivalent to another for the purpose of engaging in sexual acts enumerated in § 18.2-346 and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance is guilty of solicitation of prostitution, punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor; however, soliciting from a minor aged 16 or older is a Class 6 felony and from a minor younger than 16 is a Class 5 felony",
      "body": "Any person who offers money or its equivalent to another for the purpose of engaging in sexual acts enumerated in § 18.2-346 and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance is guilty of solicitation of prostitution, punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor; however, soliciting from a minor aged 16 or older is a Class 6 felony and from a minor younger than 16 is a Class 5 felony\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“Any person who offers money or its equivalent to another for the purpose of engaging in sexual acts enumerated in § 18.2-346 and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance thereof is guilty of solicitation of prostitution, which is punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor. However, any person who solicits prostitution from a minor (i) 16 years of age or older is guilty of a Class 6 felony or (ii) younger than 16 years of age is guilty of a Class 5 felony.”\n\nNote: The statute turns on a fee (money or its equivalent) offered to another person. The offence is complete by offering money and doing a substantial act in furtherance. For a creator paying a co-performer who is on camera and is a minor, this section would apply with enhanced penalties.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-346.01/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "Any person who offers money or its equivalent to another for the purpose of engaging in sexual acts enumerated in § 18.2-346 and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance thereof is guilty of solicitation of prostitution, which is punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor. However, any person who solicits prostitution from a minor (i) 16 years of age or older is guilty of a Class 6 felony or (ii) younger than 16 years of age is guilty of a Class 5 felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia solicitation of prostitution statute",
      "topic": "Solicitation of prostitution and commercial exploitation of minors",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_347",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Keeping, residing in, or frequenting a bawdy place; definition of bawdy place",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] It is unlawful to keep any bawdy place or to reside in or visit for immoral purposes any such bawdy place, each day constituting a separate offence, punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor; 'bawdy place' is defined as any place used or to be used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution",
      "body": "It is unlawful to keep any bawdy place or to reside in or visit for immoral purposes any such bawdy place, each day constituting a separate offence, punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor; 'bawdy place' is defined as any place used or to be used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“It is unlawful for any person to keep any bawdy place, or to reside in or at or visit for immoral purposes any such bawdy place. Each day such bawdy place is kept, resided in, or visited shall constitute a separate offense. In a prosecution under this section, the general reputation of the bawdy place may be proved. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor. As used in this Code, \"bawdy place\" means any place within or outside any building or structure that is used or is to be used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-347 defines 'bawdy place' as including any place used for 'assignation' - Virginia's statutory term equivalent to a rendezvous for prostitution. A creator filming paid adult content in a location used for assignation could implicate this section. The statute turns on both the use of the place (contact-based) and the nature of the activity (which may involve fee).",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-347/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "It is unlawful for any person to keep any bawdy place, or to reside in or at or visit for immoral purposes any such bawdy place. Each day such bawdy place is kept, resided in, or visited shall constitute a separate offense. In a prosecution under this section, the general reputation of the bawdy place may be proved. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor. As used in this Code, \"bawdy place\" means any place within or outside any building or structure that is used or is to be used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia bawdy place statute",
      "topic": "Keeping, residing in, or frequenting a bawdy place; definition of bawdy place",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content",
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_348",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Aiding prostitution or illicit sexual intercourse; penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] It is unlawful for any person with knowledge of or good reason to believe the immoral purpose of a visit to take, transport, assist in taking or transporting, or offer to take or transport any person to a place used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution, or to give information or direction to enable another to commit an act of prostitution; punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor, or Class 6 felony if the person is under 18",
      "body": "It is unlawful for any person with knowledge of or good reason to believe the immoral purpose of a visit to take, transport, assist in taking or transporting, or offer to take or transport any person to a place used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution, or to give information or direction to enable another to commit an act of prostitution; punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor, or Class 6 felony if the person is under 18\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“It is unlawful for any person or any officer, employee, or agent of any firm, association, or corporation with knowledge of, or good reason to believe, the immoral purpose of such visit, to take or transport or assist in taking or transporting, or offer to take or transport on foot or in any way, any person to a place, whether within or outside any building or structure, used or to be used for the purpose of lewdness, assignation, or prostitution within the Commonwealth or to procure or assist in procuring for the purpose of illicit sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus or any act violative of § 18.2-361, or touching of the unclothed genitals or anus of another person with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify, or to give any information or direction to any person with intent to enable such person to commit an act of prostitution. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor. However, any adult who violates this section with a person under the age of 18 is guilty of a Class 6 felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-348 turns on contact (taking, transporting, assisting, giving information or direction) and knowledge of immoral purpose. It does NOT require a fee as an element. A person who helps a co-performer get to a filming location knowing it is for prostitution could be liable.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-348/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "It is unlawful for any person or any officer, employee, or agent of any firm, association, or corporation with knowledge of, or good reason to believe, the immoral purpose of such visit, to take or transport or assist in taking or transporting, or offer to take or transport on foot or in any way, any person to a place, whether within or outside any building or structure, used or to be used for the purpose of lewdness, assignation, or prostitution within the Commonwealth or to procure or assist in procuring for the purpose of illicit sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus or any act violative of § 18.2-361, or touching of the unclothed genitals or anus of another person with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify, or to give any information or direction to any person with intent to enable such person to commit an act of prostitution. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor. However, any adult who violates this section with a person under the age of 18 is guilty of a Class 6 felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia aiding prostitution statute",
      "topic": "Aiding prostitution or illicit sexual intercourse; penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_348_1",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Promoting travel for prostitution; penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] It is unlawful for any travel agent to knowingly promote travel services for the purposes of prostitution or Tier III offenses, punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor",
      "body": "It is unlawful for any travel agent to knowingly promote travel services for the purposes of prostitution or Tier III offenses, punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“It is unlawful for any travel agent to knowingly promote travel services, as defined in § 59.1-445, for the purposes of prostitution or any act in violation of an offense set forth in subdivision 1 of the definition of Tier III offense as defined in § 9.1-902, made punishable within the Commonwealth, whether committed within or without. Violation of this section shall constitute a separate and distinct offense, and any person violating this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. For the purposes of this section \"travel agent\" means any person who for a consideration consults with or advises persons concerning travel services in the course of his business.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-348.1 turns on knowledge of the purpose of prostitution. The term 'travel agent' includes anyone who for a consideration advises on travel. A person who arranges travel for a filming knowing it involves prostitution could be liable.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-348.1/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "It is unlawful for any travel agent to knowingly promote travel services, as defined in § 59.1-445, for the purposes of prostitution or any act in violation of an offense set forth in subdivision 1 of the definition of Tier III offense as defined in § 9.1-902, made punishable within the Commonwealth, whether committed within or without. Violation of this section shall constitute a separate and distinct offense, and any person violating this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. For the purposes of this section \"travel agent\" means any person who for a consideration consults with or advises persons concerning travel services in the course of his business.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia promoting travel for prostitution statute",
      "topic": "Promoting travel for prostitution; penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_349",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Using vehicles to promote prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse; penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] It is unlawful for any owner or chauffeur of a vehicle, with knowledge or reason to believe it is to be used for such purpose, to use or allow the same to be used for prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse or to aid or promote such prostitution by use of any such vehicle; punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor, or Class 6 felony if the person is under 18",
      "body": "It is unlawful for any owner or chauffeur of a vehicle, with knowledge or reason to believe it is to be used for such purpose, to use or allow the same to be used for prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse or to aid or promote such prostitution by use of any such vehicle; punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor, or Class 6 felony if the person is under 18\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“It is unlawful for any owner or chauffeur of any vehicle, with knowledge or reason to believe the same is to be used for such purpose, to use the same or to allow the same to be used for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse or to aid or promote such prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse by the use of any such vehicle. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor. However, any adult who violates this section by using a vehicle or allowing a vehicle to be used for or to aid or promote prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 18 is guilty of a Class 6 felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-349 turns on knowledge or reason to believe the vehicle is used for prostitution. It does NOT require a fee as an element. A person who drives a co-performer to a filming location knowing it is for prostitution could be liable.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-349/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "It is unlawful for any owner or chauffeur of any vehicle, with knowledge or reason to believe the same is to be used for such purpose, to use the same or to allow the same to be used for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse or to aid or promote such prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse by the use of any such vehicle. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor. However, any adult who violates this section by using a vehicle or allowing a vehicle to be used for or to aid or promote prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 18 is guilty of a Class 6 felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia vehicle use for prostitution statute",
      "topic": "Using vehicles to promote prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse; penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_350",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Confinement of convicted prostitutes and persons violating §§ 18.2-347 through 18.2-349",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Where a city or county farm or hospital is available for the confinement of persons convicted of a violation of § 18.2-346 or of a misdemeanor violation of §§ 18.2-347, 18.2-348, or 18.2-349, confinement may be in such farm or hospital in the discretion of the court or judge",
      "body": "Where a city or county farm or hospital is available for the confinement of persons convicted of a violation of § 18.2-346 or of a misdemeanor violation of §§ 18.2-347, 18.2-348, or 18.2-349, confinement may be in such farm or hospital in the discretion of the court or judge\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“In any case in which a person is convicted of a violation of § 18.2-346 or of a misdemeanor violation of § 18.2-347, 18.2-348, or 18.2-349 and where a city or county farm or hospital is available for the confinement of persons so convicted, confinement may be in such farm or hospital, in the discretion of the court or judge.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-350 addresses confinement of persons convicted of prostitution-related offences. It is a discretionary sentencing provision.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-350/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "In any case in which a person is convicted of a violation of § 18.2-346 or of a misdemeanor violation of § 18.2-347, 18.2-348, or 18.2-349 and where a city or county farm or hospital is available for the confinement of persons so convicted, confinement may be in such farm or hospital, in the discretion of the court or judge.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia confinement of convicted prostitutes statute",
      "topic": "Confinement of convicted prostitutes and persons violating §§ 18.2-347 through 18.2-349",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_351",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Sections 18.2-351 through 18.2-353 repealed",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Sections 18.2-351 through 18.2-353 were repealed by Acts 2004, c. 459",
      "body": "Sections 18.2-351 through 18.2-353 were repealed by Acts 2004, c. 459\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“§§ 18.2-351 through 18.2-353. Repealed. Repealed by Acts 2004, c. 459.”\n\nNote: Sections 18.2-351 through 18.2-353 were repealed in 2004 and no longer constitute active law.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-351/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "§§ 18.2-351 through 18.2-353. Repealed. Repealed by Acts 2004, c. 459.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia repealed prostitution-related sections",
      "topic": "Sections 18.2-351 through 18.2-353 repealed",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_354",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 18.2-354 reserved",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 18.2-354 is designated as 'Reserved' and contains no operative text",
      "body": "Section 18.2-354 is designated as 'Reserved' and contains no operative text\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“§ 18.2-354. Reserved. Reserved.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-354 is reserved and contains no operative text.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-354/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "§ 18.2-354. Reserved. Reserved.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia reserved section",
      "topic": "Section 18.2-354 reserved",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_355",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Taking, detaining, or consenting to person for prostitution; human trafficking",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who for purposes of prostitution takes, persuades, encourages, or causes a person to enter a bawdy place, takes or detains a person against their will to compel marriage or defilement, or a parent/guardian consents to a person being taken for prostitution, is guilty of pandering; subdivision (4) covering taking a minor for prostitution is separately provided; penalties range from Class 4 felony (subdivisions 1-3) to Class 3 felony (subdivision 4 involving minors)",
      "body": "Any person who for purposes of prostitution takes, persuades, encourages, or causes a person to enter a bawdy place, takes or detains a person against their will to compel marriage or defilement, or a parent/guardian consents to a person being taken for prostitution, is guilty of pandering; subdivision (4) covering taking a minor for prostitution is separately provided; penalties range from Class 4 felony (subdivisions 1-3) to Class 3 felony (subdivision 4 involving minors)\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“Any person who: (1) For purposes of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse, takes any person into, or persuades, encourages or causes any person to enter, a bawdy place, or takes or causes such person to be taken to any place against his or her will for such purposes; or (2) Takes or detains a person against his or her will with the intent to compel such person, by force, threats, persuasions, menace or duress, to marry him or her or to marry any other person, or to be defiled; or (3) Being parent, guardian, legal custodian or one standing in loco parentis of a person, consents to such person being taken or detained by any person for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse; or (4) For purposes of prostitution, takes any minor into, or persuades, encourages, or causes any minor to enter, a bawdy place, or takes or causes such person to be taken to any place for such purposes; is guilty of pandering. A violation of subdivision (1), (2), or (3) is punishable as a Class 4 felony. A violation of subdivision (4) is punishable as a Class 3 felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-355 turns on contact (taking, persuading, detaining) and the purpose of prostitution. It does NOT require a fee as an element. A parent consenting to a child being taken for prostitution is also covered.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-355/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "Any person who: (1) For purposes of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse, takes any person into, or persuades, encourages or causes any person to enter, a bawdy place, or takes or causes such person to be taken to any place against his or her will for such purposes; or (2) Takes or detains a person against his or her will with the intent to compel such person, by force, threats, persuasions, menace or duress, to marry him or her or to marry any other person, or to be defiled; or (3) Being parent, guardian, legal custodian or one standing in loco parentis of a person, consents to such person being taken or detained by any person for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse; or (4) For purposes of prostitution, takes any minor into, or persuades, encourages, or causes any minor to enter, a bawdy place, or takes or causes such person to be taken to any place for such purposes; is guilty of pandering. A violation of subdivision (1), (2), or (3) is punishable as a Class 4 felony. A violation of subdivision (4) is punishable as a Class 3 felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia pandering / human trafficking statute",
      "topic": "Taking, detaining, or consenting to person for prostitution; human trafficking",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content",
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_356",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Receiving money for procuring person for prostitution; penalties",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who receives money or other valuable thing for procuring or placing any person in a house of prostitution or elsewhere for the purpose of causing that person to engage in unlawful sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus, or for causing any person to engage in concubinage, prostitution, or manufacture of obscene material or child pornography, or for causing any person to engage in forced labor, is guilty of a Class 4 felony; any person who violates clause (i) or (ii) with a person under 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony",
      "body": "Any person who receives money or other valuable thing for procuring or placing any person in a house of prostitution or elsewhere for the purpose of causing that person to engage in unlawful sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus, or for causing any person to engage in concubinage, prostitution, or manufacture of obscene material or child pornography, or for causing any person to engage in forced labor, is guilty of a Class 4 felony; any person who violates clause (i) or (ii) with a person under 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“Any person who receives any money or other valuable thing for or on account of (i) procuring for or placing in a house of prostitution or elsewhere any person for the purpose of causing such person to engage in unlawful sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus or any act in violation of § 18.2-361, or touching of the unclothed genitals or anus of another person with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify; (ii) causing any person to engage in concubinage, prostitution, or the manufacture of any obscene material or child pornography; or (iii) causing any person to engage in forced labor or services or providing or obtaining labor or services by any act in violation of subsection B of § 18.2-47 is guilty of a Class 4 felony. Any person who violates clause (i) or (ii) with a person under the age of 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-356 turns on receiving money or other valuable thing for procuring a person for prostitution. The offence is fee-based. A person who receives a portion of payment for arranging a co-performer could be liable.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-356/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "Any person who receives any money or other valuable thing for or on account of (i) procuring for or placing in a house of prostitution or elsewhere any person for the purpose of causing such person to engage in unlawful sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus or any act in violation of § 18.2-361, or touching of the unclothed genitals or anus of another person with the intent to sexually arouse or gratify; (ii) causing any person to engage in concubinage, prostitution, or the manufacture of any obscene material or child pornography; or (iii) causing any person to engage in forced labor or services or providing or obtaining labor or services by any act in violation of subsection B of § 18.2-47 is guilty of a Class 4 felony. Any person who violates clause (i) or (ii) with a person under the age of 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia receiving money for procuring person statute",
      "topic": "Receiving money for procuring person for prostitution; penalties",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_356_1",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Purchasing or selling minors; exceptions; penalties",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who offers money or other valuable thing to another for the purpose of purchasing or obtaining custody or control of a minor and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance is guilty of a Class 5 felony; a parent or guardian who receives money for selling or transferring custody or control of a minor is also guilty of a Class 5 felony; exceptions apply for surrogacy, adoption, and legitimate interest persons",
      "body": "Any person who offers money or other valuable thing to another for the purpose of purchasing or obtaining custody or control of a minor and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance is guilty of a Class 5 felony; a parent or guardian who receives money for selling or transferring custody or control of a minor is also guilty of a Class 5 felony; exceptions apply for surrogacy, adoption, and legitimate interest persons\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“A. Any person who offers money or other valuable thing to another for the purpose of purchasing or otherwise obtaining custody or control of a minor and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance thereof is guilty of a Class 5 felony. B. Any parent, legal guardian, or other person having custody or control of a minor who receives any money or other valuable thing for or on account of selling or otherwise transferring custody or control of such minor, or offers to sell or otherwise transfer custody or control of such minor, is guilty of a Class 5 felony. C. The provisions of this section shall not apply to any person (i) entering into a surrogacy contract pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 9 (§ 20-156 et seq.) of Title 20, (ii) seeking to adopt a child or place his child for adoption pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 12 (§ 63.2-1200 et seq.) of Title 63.2, or (iii) who is a person with a legitimate interest as defined in § 20-124.1 in such minor.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-356.1 covers purchasing or selling of minors. The statute turns on a fee (money or other valuable thing). Exceptions for surrogacy, adoption, and persons with legitimate interest. A creator purchasing a minor for filmed content could be liable.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-356.1/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "A. Any person who offers money or other valuable thing to another for the purpose of purchasing or otherwise obtaining custody or control of a minor and thereafter does any substantial act in furtherance thereof is guilty of a Class 5 felony. B. Any parent, legal guardian, or other person having custody or control of a minor who receives any money or other valuable thing for or on account of selling or otherwise transferring custody or control of such minor, or offers to sell or otherwise transfer custody or control of such minor, is guilty of a Class 5 felony. C. The provisions of this section shall not apply to any person (i) entering into a surrogacy contract pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 9 (§ 20-156 et seq.) of Title 20, (ii) seeking to adopt a child or place his child for adoption pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 12 (§ 63.2-1200 et seq.) of Title 63.2, or (iii) who is a person with a legitimate interest as defined in § 20-124.1 in such minor.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia purchasing or selling of minors statute",
      "topic": "Purchasing or selling minors; exceptions; penalties",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_357",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Receiving money from earnings of male or female prostitute; penalties",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who knowingly receives money or other valuable thing from the earnings of any person engaged in prostitution is guilty of pandering, punishable as a Class 4 felony; any person who violates this section by receiving money from a person under 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony",
      "body": "Any person who knowingly receives money or other valuable thing from the earnings of any person engaged in prostitution is guilty of pandering, punishable as a Class 4 felony; any person who violates this section by receiving money from a person under 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“Any person who shall knowingly receive any money or other valuable thing from the earnings of any male or female engaged in prostitution, except for a consideration deemed good and valuable in law, shall be guilty of pandering, punishable as a Class 4 felony. Any person who violates this section by receiving money or other valuable thing from a person under the age of 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-357 turns on receiving money or other valuable thing from the earnings of a person engaged in prostitution. The exception clause 'except for a consideration deemed good and valuable in law' suggests a legitimate payment may be a defense. A creator who takes a cut of a co-performer's earnings could be liable.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-357/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "Any person who shall knowingly receive any money or other valuable thing from the earnings of any male or female engaged in prostitution, except for a consideration deemed good and valuable in law, shall be guilty of pandering, punishable as a Class 4 felony. Any person who violates this section by receiving money or other valuable thing from a person under the age of 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia receiving money from earnings of prostitute statute",
      "topic": "Receiving money from earnings of male or female prostitute; penalties",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_357_1",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Commercial sex trafficking; penalties",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who, with intent to receive money or other valuable thing from the earnings of a person from prostitution, solicits, invites, recruits, encourages, or otherwise causes or attempts to cause a person to violate § 18.2-346 is guilty of a Class 5 felony; using force, intimidation, or deception makes it a Class 4 felony; an adult who violates subsection A with a person under 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony",
      "body": "Any person who, with intent to receive money or other valuable thing from the earnings of a person from prostitution, solicits, invites, recruits, encourages, or otherwise causes or attempts to cause a person to violate § 18.2-346 is guilty of a Class 5 felony; using force, intimidation, or deception makes it a Class 4 felony; an adult who violates subsection A with a person under 18 is guilty of a Class 3 felony\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“A. Any person who, with the intent to receive money or other valuable thing or to assist another in receiving money or other valuable thing from the earnings of a person from prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse in violation of § 18.2-346, solicits, invites, recruits, encourages, or otherwise causes or attempts to cause a person to violate § 18.2-346 is guilty of a Class 5 felony. B. Any person who violates subsection A through the use of force, intimidation, or deception is guilty of a Class 4 felony. C. Any adult who violates subsection A with a person under 18 years of age is guilty of a Class 3 felony. D. Each violation of this section constitutes a separate and distinct felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-357.1 is Virginia's commercial sex trafficking statute. It turns on both a fee (intent to receive money from prostitution earnings) and contact (soliciting, recruiting, encouraging). This is the section most directly relevant to a creator who recruits or solicits a co-performer for filmed sexual content with the intent to profit from that person's earnings.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-357.1/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "A. Any person who, with the intent to receive money or other valuable thing or to assist another in receiving money or other valuable thing from the earnings of a person from prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse in violation of § 18.2-346, solicits, invites, recruits, encourages, or otherwise causes or attempts to cause a person to violate § 18.2-346 is guilty of a Class 5 felony. B. Any person who violates subsection A through the use of force, intimidation, or deception is guilty of a Class 4 felony. C. Any adult who violates subsection A with a person under 18 years of age is guilty of a Class 3 felony. D. Each violation of this section constitutes a separate and distinct felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia commercial sex trafficking statute",
      "topic": "Commercial sex trafficking; penalties",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_346_1",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Testing of convicted prostitutes and injection drug users for sexually transmitted infection",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] As soon as practicable following conviction for violation of § 18.2-346, 18.2-346.01, or 18.2-361, or certain drug offenses, the convicted person shall be provided the option to submit to testing for a sexually transmitted infection, with counseling from the Department of Health; results shall be confidential and shall not be admissible in any criminal proceeding",
      "body": "As soon as practicable following conviction for violation of § 18.2-346, 18.2-346.01, or 18.2-361, or certain drug offenses, the convicted person shall be provided the option to submit to testing for a sexually transmitted infection, with counseling from the Department of Health; results shall be confidential and shall not be admissible in any criminal proceeding\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“As soon as practicable following conviction of any person for violation of § 18.2-346, 18.2-346.01, or 18.2-361, any violation of Article 1 (§ 18.2-247 et seq.) or 1.1 (§ 18.2-265.1 et seq.) of Chapter 7 involving the possession, sale, or use of a controlled substance in a form amenable to intravenous use, or the possession, sale, or use of hypodermic syringes, needles, or other objects designed or intended for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body, such person shall be provided the option to submit to testing for a sexually transmitted infection. The convicted person shall receive counseling from personnel of the Department of Health concerning (i) the meaning of the test, (ii) sexually transmitted infections, and (iii) the transmission and prevention of sexually transmitted infections.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-346.1 addresses post-conviction testing for sexually transmitted infections. It is a public health provision that applies after conviction for prostitution-related offences. It does not define or establish prostitution offences themselves.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-346.1/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "As soon as practicable following conviction of any person for violation of § 18.2-346, 18.2-346.01, or 18.2-361, any violation of Article 1 (§ 18.2-247 et seq.) or 1.1 (§ 18.2-265.1 et seq.) of Chapter 7 involving the possession, sale, or use of a controlled substance in a form amenable to intravenous use, or the possession, sale, or use of hypodermic syringes, needles, or other objects designed or intended for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body, such person shall be provided the option to submit to testing for a sexually transmitted infection. The convicted person shall receive counseling from personnel of the Department of Health concerning (i) the meaning of the test, (ii) sexually transmitted infections, and (iii) the transmission and prevention of sexually transmitted infections.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia testing of convicted prostitutes statute",
      "topic": "Testing of convicted prostitutes and injection drug users for sexually transmitted infection",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_360",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Competency of persons to testify in prosecutions under §§ 18.2-355 through 18.2-361",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person referred to in §§ 18.2-355 through 18.2-361 is a competent witness in any prosecution under such sections to testify to any and all matters including conversations by or with the accused with third persons in their presence, notwithstanding they may have married the accused; but such witness shall not be compelled to testify after such marriage",
      "body": "Any person referred to in §§ 18.2-355 through 18.2-361 is a competent witness in any prosecution under such sections to testify to any and all matters including conversations by or with the accused with third persons in their presence, notwithstanding they may have married the accused; but such witness shall not be compelled to testify after such marriage\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“Any male or female referred to in §§ 18.2-355 through 18.2-361 shall be a competent witness in any prosecution under such sections to testify to any and all matters, including conversations by or with the accused with third persons in his or her presence, notwithstanding he or she may have married the accused either before or after the violation of any of the provisions of this section; but such witness shall not be compelled to testify after such marriage.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-360 addresses witness competency in prosecutions for offences under §§ 18.2-355 through 18.2-361. It removes the marital disqualification for testifying in prostitution prosecutions but does not compel testimony after marriage.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-360/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "Any male or female referred to in §§ 18.2-355 through 18.2-361 shall be a competent witness in any prosecution under such sections to testify to any and all matters, including conversations by or with the accused with third persons in his or her presence, notwithstanding he or she may have married the accused either before or after the violation of any of the provisions of this section; but such witness shall not be compelled to testify after such marriage.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia competency of persons to testify statute",
      "topic": "Competency of persons to testify in prosecutions under §§ 18.2-355 through 18.2-361",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_361",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Crimes against nature; penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who carnally knows any brute animal is guilty of a Class 6 felony; any person who performs or causes to be performed cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus, or anal intercourse upon or by specified family members is guilty of a Class 5 felony (Class 3 felony if parent/grandparent with child/grandchild aged 13-17)",
      "body": "Any person who carnally knows any brute animal is guilty of a Class 6 felony; any person who performs or causes to be performed cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus, or anal intercourse upon or by specified family members is guilty of a Class 5 felony (Class 3 felony if parent/grandparent with child/grandchild aged 13-17)\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“A. If any person carnally knows in any manner any brute animal or voluntarily submits to such carnal knowledge, he is guilty of a Class 6 felony. B. Any person who performs or causes to be performed cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus, or anal intercourse upon or by his daughter or granddaughter, son or grandson, brother or sister, or father or mother is guilty of a Class 5 felony. However, if a parent or grandparent commits any such act with his child or grandchild and such child or grandchild is at least 13 but less than 18 years of age at the time of the offense, such parent or grandparent is guilty of a Class 3 felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-361 defines crimes against nature. It is referenced in § 18.2-346 (prostitution) as an offence whose commission, for money, constitutes prostitution. The statute does NOT define prostitution itself but is incorporated by reference into the prostitution definition.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-361/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "A. If any person carnally knows in any manner any brute animal or voluntarily submits to such carnal knowledge, he is guilty of a Class 6 felony. B. Any person who performs or causes to be performed cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus, or anal intercourse upon or by his daughter or granddaughter, son or grandson, brother or sister, or father or mother is guilty of a Class 5 felony. However, if a parent or grandparent commits any such act with his child or grandchild and such child or grandchild is at least 13 but less than 18 years of age at the time of the offense, such parent or grandparent is guilty of a Class 3 felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia crimes against nature statute",
      "topic": "Crimes against nature; penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_368",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Placing or leaving spouse for prostitution; penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Any person who, by force, fraud, intimidation, or threats, places or leaves or procures any other person to place or leave his spouse in a bawdy place for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse is guilty of pandering, punishable as a Class 4 felony",
      "body": "Any person who, by force, fraud, intimidation, or threats, places or leaves or procures any other person to place or leave his spouse in a bawdy place for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse is guilty of pandering, punishable as a Class 4 felony\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“Any person who, by force, fraud, intimidation, or threats, places or leaves or procures any other person to place or leave his spouse in a bawdy place for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus is guilty of pandering, punishable as a Class 4 felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-368 applies to placing or leaving a spouse in a bawdy place for prostitution by force, fraud, intimidation, or threats. The offence is contact-based and uses force/fraud/intimidation/threats as aggravating elements. It is in Article 4 (Family Offenses) rather than Article 3.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-368/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "Any person who, by force, fraud, intimidation, or threats, places or leaves or procures any other person to place or leave his spouse in a bawdy place for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus is guilty of pandering, punishable as a Class 4 felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia placing or leaving spouse for prostitution statute",
      "topic": "Placing or leaving spouse for prostitution; penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_347_definitions",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Definition of 'bawdy place' as used in the prostitution statutes",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] 'Bawdy place' means any place within or outside any building or structure that is used or is to be used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution",
      "body": "'Bawdy place' means any place within or outside any building or structure that is used or is to be used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“As used in this Code, \"bawdy place\" means any place within or outside any building or structure that is used or is to be used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution.”\n\nNote: The definition of 'bawdy place' is part of § 18.2-347 and is used throughout Article 3. Virginia uses the term 'assignation' which is equivalent to a rendezvous for prostitution. The definition does not require a fee; it turns on the use of the place for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-347/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "As used in this Code, \"bawdy place\" means any place within or outside any building or structure that is used or is to be used for lewdness, assignation, or prostitution.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia bawdy place definition",
      "topic": "Definition of 'bawdy place' as used in the prostitution statutes",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_358",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 18.2-358 repealed",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 18.2-358 was repealed",
      "body": "Section 18.2-358 was repealed\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“§ 18.2-358. Repealed.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-358 is repealed and no longer constitutes active law.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-358/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "§ 18.2-358. Repealed.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia repealed section",
      "topic": "Section 18.2-358 repealed",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "placeholder_quote_too_short",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r227_virginia_prostitution_statute_every_section_virginia_18_2_359",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Venue for criminal sexual assault and related offences",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 18.2-359 addresses venue for criminal sexual assault or where any person transported for criminal sexual assault, attempted criminal sexual assault, or purposes of unlawful sexual intercourse, crimes against nature, and indecent liberties with children",
      "body": "Section 18.2-359 addresses venue for criminal sexual assault or where any person transported for criminal sexual assault, attempted criminal sexual assault, or purposes of unlawful sexual intercourse, crimes against nature, and indecent liberties with children\n\nWhat Code of Virginia actually says:\n\n“§ 18.2-359. Venue for criminal sexual assault or where any person transported for criminal sexual assault, attempted criminal sexual assault, or purposes of unlawful sexual intercourse, crimes against nature, and indecent liberties with children; venue for such crimes when coupled with a violent felony.”\n\nNote: Section 18.2-359 is a venue provision and does not define or establish a substantive prostitution offence. It is included in Article 3 but addresses procedural matters.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/section18.2-359/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Code of Virginia",
      "evidence_quote": "§ 18.2-359. Venue for criminal sexual assault or where any person transported for criminal sexual assault, attempted criminal sexual assault, or purposes of unlawful sexual intercourse, crimes against nature, and indecent liberties with children; venue for such crimes when coupled with a violent felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "227-virginia-prostitution-statute-every-section",
      "subject": "Virginia venue provision",
      "topic": "Venue for criminal sexual assault and related offences",
      "applies_to_country": "*",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}