{
  "batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_scc_index",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Official business registration and tax collection authorities with index URLs",
      "summary": "Virginia's State Corporation Commission (https://www.scc.virginia.gov) is the central filing office for business entities and fictitious names; Virginia Department of Taxation is the revenue department",
      "body": "Virginia's State Corporation Commission (https://www.scc.virginia.gov) is the central filing office for business entities and fictitious names; Virginia Department of Taxation is the revenue department\n\nWhat Virginia State Corporation Commission actually says:\n\n“The State Corporation Commission. About the SCC. - Virginia General Assembly / LIS Learning Center - Virginia Law - Session Information - Bills & Resolutions - State Budget - Virginia Law - Reports to the General Assembly”\n\nNote: SCC is official business registration authority; Virginia Department of Taxation handles revenue/tax. Revenue department website (tax.virginia.gov) is currently unreachable via webfetch.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
      "evidence_quote": "The State Corporation Commission. About the SCC. - Virginia General Assembly / LIS Learning Center - Virginia Law - Session Information - Bills & Resolutions - State Budget - Virginia Law - Reports to the General Assembly",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) and Virginia Department of Taxation",
      "topic": "Official business registration and tax collection authorities with index URLs",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "choosing",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "scc",
        "topic": [
          "access.signup",
          "access.id"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_income_tax_imposition",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "State personal income tax rates and brackets",
      "summary": "Virginia levies an annual personal income tax on Virginia taxable income of every individual, with brackets ranging from 2% to 5.75%, and this tax applies to self-employment income of individuals",
      "body": "Virginia levies an annual personal income tax on Virginia taxable income of every individual, with brackets ranging from 2% to 5.75%, and this tax applies to self-employment income of individuals\n\nWhat Virginia General Assembly / LIS actually says:\n\n“A tax is hereby annually imposed on the Virginia taxable income for each taxable year of every individual as follows:Two percent on income not exceeding $3,000;Three percent on income in excess of $3,000, but not in excess of $5,000;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000, but not in excess of $12,000 for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1987;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000 but not in excess of $14,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1987, through December 31, 1987;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000 but not in excess of $15,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1988, through December 31, 1988;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000 but not in excess of $16,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1989, through December 31, 1989;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000 but not in excess of $17,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1990;Five and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $12,000 for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1987;Five and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $14,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1987, through December 31, 1987;Five and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $15,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1988, through December 31, 1988;Five and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $16,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1989, through December 31, 1989; andFive and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $17,000 for taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 1990.”\n\nNote: Virginia Code Title 58.1 Chapter 3 Article 2 Section 58.1-320 (verified on Virginia LIS site; page date 9/20/2026). Tax applies to 'every individual' including self-employed persons. Bracket values are the operative ones for years beginning on/after January 1, 1990.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/section/58.1-320/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia General Assembly / LIS",
      "evidence_quote": "A tax is hereby annually imposed on the Virginia taxable income for each taxable year of every individual as follows:Two percent on income not exceeding $3,000;Three percent on income in excess of $3,000, but not in excess of $5,000;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000, but not in excess of $12,000 for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1987;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000 but not in excess of $14,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1987, through December 31, 1987;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000 but not in excess of $15,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1988, through December 31, 1988;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000 but not in excess of $16,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1989, through December 31, 1989;Five percent on income in excess of $5,000 but not in excess of $17,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1990;Five and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $12,000 for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1987;Five and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $14,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1987, through December 31, 1987;Five and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $15,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1988, through December 31, 1988;Five and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $16,000 for taxable years beginning January 1, 1989, through December 31, 1989; andFive and three-quarters percent on income in excess of $17,000 for taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 1990.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia individual income tax on self-employment income",
      "topic": "State personal income tax rates and brackets",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.tax"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_sales_tax_state_rate",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "State sales tax rate and collection duty",
      "summary": "Virginia levies a 4.3 percent state retail sales tax on taxable tangible personal property and requires registered dealers to separately state and collect the tax on taxable sales",
      "body": "Virginia levies a 4.3 percent state retail sales tax on taxable tangible personal property and requires registered dealers to separately state and collect the tax on taxable sales\n\nWhat Virginia General Assembly / LIS actually says:\n\n“There is hereby levied and imposed, in addition to all other taxes and fees of every kind now imposed by law, a license or privilege tax upon every person who engages in the business of selling at retail or distributing tangible personal property in this Commonwealth, or who rents or furnishes any of the things or services taxable under this chapter, or who stores for use or consumption in this Commonwealth any item or article of tangible personal property as defined in this chapter, or who leases or rents such property within this Commonwealth, in the amount of 4.3 percent:1. Of the gross sales price of each item or article of tangible personal property when sold at retail or distributed in this Commonwealth.”\n\nNote: Virginia Code Title 58.1 Chapter 6 Section 58.1-603; the 4.3% rate is the state rate. Local taxes may add to it.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/section/58.1-603/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia General Assembly / LIS",
      "evidence_quote": "There is hereby levied and imposed, in addition to all other taxes and fees of every kind now imposed by law, a license or privilege tax upon every person who engages in the business of selling at retail or distributing tangible personal property in this Commonwealth, or who rents or furnishes any of the things or services taxable under this chapter, or who stores for use or consumption in this Commonwealth any item or article of tangible personal property as defined in this chapter, or who leases or rents such property within this Commonwealth, in the amount of 4.3 percent:1. Of the gross sales price of each item or article of tangible personal property when sold at retail or distributed in this Commonwealth.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia retail sales and use tax on shipped physical goods",
      "topic": "State sales tax rate and collection duty",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "money.tax"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_sales_tax_local_rate",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Local sales tax rate and collection",
      "summary": "Virginia cities and counties may levy a general retail sales tax of one percent in addition to the state sales tax",
      "body": "Virginia cities and counties may levy a general retail sales tax of one percent in addition to the state sales tax\n\nWhat Virginia General Assembly / LIS actually says:\n\n“The council of any city and the governing body of any county may levy a general retail sales tax at the rate of one percent to provide revenue for the general fund of such city or county. Such tax shall be added to the rate of the state sales tax imposed by §§ 58.1-603 and 58.1-604 and shall be subject to all the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations published with respect thereto.”\n\nNote: Virginia Code Title 58.1 Chapter 6 Section 58.1-605. A locality-specific combined rate cannot be stated without the seller's city/county and any applicable additional planning-district tax.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/section/58.1-605/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia General Assembly / LIS",
      "evidence_quote": "The council of any city and the governing body of any county may levy a general retail sales tax at the rate of one percent to provide revenue for the general fund of such city or county. Such tax shall be added to the rate of the state sales tax imposed by §§ 58.1-603 and 58.1-604 and shall be subject to all the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations published with respect thereto.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia local sales tax on shipped physical goods",
      "topic": "Local sales tax rate and collection",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "money.tax"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_sales_tax_registration",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Sales-tax certificate of registration requirement",
      "summary": "A person wanting to conduct business as a dealer in Virginia must apply for a certificate of registration for each place of business in Virginia",
      "body": "A person wanting to conduct business as a dealer in Virginia must apply for a certificate of registration for each place of business in Virginia\n\nWhat Virginia General Assembly / LIS actually says:\n\n“Every person desiring to engage in or conduct business as a dealer in this Commonwealth shall file with the Tax Commissioner or the local commissioner of the revenue, if the local commissioner elects to provide the services authorized under this section, an application for a certificate of registration for each place of business in this Commonwealth.”\n\nNote: Virginia Code Title 58.1 Chapter 6 Section 58.1-613. The term 'dealer' includes persons selling taxable tangible personal property and persons furnishing taxable services.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/section/58.1-613/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia General Assembly / LIS",
      "evidence_quote": "Every person desiring to engage in or conduct business as a dealer in this Commonwealth shall file with the Tax Commissioner or the local commissioner of the revenue, if the local commissioner elects to provide the services authorized under this section, an application for a certificate of registration for each place of business in this Commonwealth.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia retail sales and use tax registration",
      "topic": "Sales-tax certificate of registration requirement",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.signup",
          "money.tax"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_sales_tax_collection",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Dealer duty to collect and remit sales tax",
      "summary": "A Virginia dealer must separately state the tax, add it to the sales price or charge, collect it from the purchaser, and pay it to the Tax Commissioner",
      "body": "A Virginia dealer must separately state the tax, add it to the sales price or charge, collect it from the purchaser, and pay it to the Tax Commissioner\n\nWhat Virginia General Assembly / LIS actually says:\n\n“The tax levied by this chapter shall be paid by the dealer, but the dealer shall separately state the amount of the tax and add such tax to the sales price or charge. Thereafter, such tax shall be a debt from the purchaser, consumer, or lessee to the dealer until paid and shall be recoverable at law in the same manner as other debts.”\n\nNote: Virginia Code Title 58.1 Chapter 6 Section 58.1-625.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/section/58.1-625/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia General Assembly / LIS",
      "evidence_quote": "The tax levied by this chapter shall be paid by the dealer, but the dealer shall separately state the amount of the tax and add such tax to the sales price or charge. Thereafter, such tax shall be a debt from the purchaser, consumer, or lessee to the dealer until paid and shall be recoverable at law in the same manner as other debts.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia retail sales and use tax collection",
      "topic": "Dealer duty to collect and remit sales tax",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "money.tax"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_sales_tax_digital_services",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Virginia treatment of digital goods and subscriptions",
      "summary": "Virginia exempts services not involving an exchange of tangible personal property that provide access to or use of the Internet and related electronic communication services, including software, data, content and other information services delivered electronically via the Internet",
      "body": "Virginia exempts services not involving an exchange of tangible personal property that provide access to or use of the Internet and related electronic communication services, including software, data, content and other information services delivered electronically via the Internet\n\nWhat Virginia General Assembly / LIS actually says:\n\n“The tax imposed by this chapter or pursuant to the authority granted in § 58.1-605 or 58.1-606 shall not apply to the following:1. Professional, insurance, or personal service transactions which involve sales as inconsequential elements for which no separate charges are made; services rendered by repairmen for which a separate charge is made; and services not involving an exchange of tangible personal property which provide access to or use of the Internet and any other related electronic communication service, including software, data, content and other information services delivered electronically via the Internet.”\n\nNote: This supports exemption for electronically delivered services/content, but it does not establish the tax treatment of every digital good, downloadable file, or subscription format. Virginia Department of Taxation pages were unreachable.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/section/58.1-609.5/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia General Assembly / LIS",
      "evidence_quote": "The tax imposed by this chapter or pursuant to the authority granted in § 58.1-605 or 58.1-606 shall not apply to the following:1. Professional, insurance, or personal service transactions which involve sales as inconsequential elements for which no separate charges are made; services rendered by repairmen for which a separate charge is made; and services not involving an exchange of tangible personal property which provide access to or use of the Internet and any other related electronic communication service, including software, data, content and other information services delivered electronically via the Internet.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia sales tax on electronically delivered digital services",
      "topic": "Virginia treatment of digital goods and subscriptions",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "money.tax",
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_scc_llc_fee",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Virginia LLC formation filing fee",
      "summary": "Forming a new Virginia LLC costs a $100 filing fee",
      "body": "Forming a new Virginia LLC costs a $100 filing fee\n\nWhat Virginia State Corporation Commission actually says:\n\n“Form a new Virginia LLC (LLC1011)\n$100\n[File Online](https://cis.scc.virginia.gov/) or Download Form”\n\nNote: The SCC page does not state the year to which the $100 fee applies; the fee is recorded as current on the page checked on 2026-09-20.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/businesses/forms-and-fees/virginia-limited-liability-companies/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
      "evidence_quote": "Form a new Virginia LLC (LLC1011)\n$100\n[File Online](https://cis.scc.virginia.gov/) or Download Form",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) - LLC registration",
      "topic": "Virginia LLC formation filing fee",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "scc",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_scc_llc_annual_fee",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Virginia LLC annual registration fee and deadline",
      "summary": "A Virginia LLC pays a $50 annual registration fee due on the last day of the month in which the LLC was organized or registered",
      "body": "A Virginia LLC pays a $50 annual registration fee due on the last day of the month in which the LLC was organized or registered\n\nWhat Virginia State Corporation Commission actually says:\n\n“Limited Liability Companies\nYour due date is the last day of the month your business was organized or registered. \n$50.00”\n\nNote: The SCC page does not state the year to which the $50 fee applies; recorded as current on the page checked on 2026-09-20.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/businesses/business-faqs/annual-registration-fees/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
      "evidence_quote": "Limited Liability Companies\nYour due date is the last day of the month your business was organized or registered. \n$50.00",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) - LLC annual registration fee",
      "topic": "Virginia LLC annual registration fee and deadline",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "scc",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "money.tax"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_scc_dba_fee",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Virginia DBA filing fee and required form",
      "summary": "Filing a Virginia fictitious name costs $10 and requires the correct Certificate of Assumed or Fictitious Name form for an individual or entity",
      "body": "Filing a Virginia fictitious name costs $10 and requires the correct Certificate of Assumed or Fictitious Name form for an individual or entity\n\nWhat Virginia State Corporation Commission actually says:\n\n“Requirements for filing a fictitious name:\nFile the fictitious name online or submit a paper form.\nPay the filing fee of $10.00\nChoose the correct form:\nIf you have a business on the records of the Commission, please use the following form: Certificate of Assumed or Fictitious Name - Business Conducted by an Entity.\nIf you are conducting business as an individual, please use the following form: Certificate of Assumed or Fictitious Name - Business Conducted by an Individual.”\n\nNote: The SCC page does not state the year to which the $10 fee applies; recorded as current on the page checked on 2026-09-20.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/businesses/business-faqs/fictitious-names/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
      "evidence_quote": "Requirements for filing a fictitious name:\nFile the fictitious name online or submit a paper form.\nPay the filing fee of $10.00\nChoose the correct form:\nIf you have a business on the records of the Commission, please use the following form: Certificate of Assumed or Fictitious Name - Business Conducted by an Entity.\nIf you are conducting business as an individual, please use the following form: Certificate of Assumed or Fictitious Name - Business Conducted by an Individual.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) - fictitious/assumed name registration",
      "topic": "Virginia DBA filing fee and required form",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "scc",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "access.signup"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_scc_sole_proprietorship",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "Virginia sole proprietorship registration cost and requirements",
      "summary": "A sole proprietorship using a fictitious name may file a Certificate of Assumed or Fictitious Name with the SCC; the SCC page does not state a separate sole-proprietorship filing fee",
      "body": "A sole proprietorship using a fictitious name may file a Certificate of Assumed or Fictitious Name with the SCC; the SCC page does not state a separate sole-proprietorship filing fee\n\nWhat Virginia State Corporation Commission actually says:\n\n“Yes. The Clerk’s Office is the central filing office for all certificates of assumed or fictitious names. This includes sole proprietorships, general partnerships or trusts and registered businesses.”\n\nNote: The page confirms sole proprietorships are included in fictitious-name filing but does not state a separate sole-proprietorship fee or a year for the $10 fictitious-name fee.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/businesses/business-faqs/fictitious-names/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
      "evidence_quote": "Yes. The Clerk’s Office is the central filing office for all certificates of assumed or fictitious names. This includes sole proprietorships, general partnerships or trusts and registered businesses.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) - sole proprietorship registration",
      "topic": "Virginia sole proprietorship registration cost and requirements",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "scc",
        "topic": [
          "money.fees",
          "access.signup"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_scc_privacy_registered_office",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Public registered office address and registered agent requirement",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Every authorized Virginia business must maintain a registered agent, and the registered office address is part of the public record; a third-party business such as a law firm or service company may act as registered agent",
      "body": "Every authorized Virginia business must maintain a registered agent, and the registered office address is part of the public record; a third-party business such as a law firm or service company may act as registered agent\n\nWhat Virginia State Corporation Commission actually says:\n\n“Every authorized Virginia business must maintain a registered agent.\nYou may use a third-party business such as a law firm or a service company to act as your registered agent. Keep in mind that a business entity cannot act as its own registered agent.\nThe registered office address is part of the public record.”\n\nNote: The SCC page does not say that the LLC member's personal name or home address must be public. It does state that the registered office address is public and that a third-party registered agent may be used.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/businesses/business-faqs/registered-agents/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
      "evidence_quote": "Every authorized Virginia business must maintain a registered agent.\nYou may use a third-party business such as a law firm or a service company to act as your registered agent. Keep in mind that a business entity cannot act as its own registered agent.\nThe registered office address is part of the public record.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) - public business records",
      "topic": "Public registered office address and registered agent requirement",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "scc",
        "topic": [
          "safety.privacy",
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_scc_privacy_llc_members",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Whether LLC member names and home addresses are publicly searchable",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The SCC does not keep a public record of LLC members or managers, so the SCC page does not establish that an LLC member's personal name or home address is publicly searchable",
      "body": "The SCC does not keep a public record of LLC members or managers, so the SCC page does not establish that an LLC member's personal name or home address is publicly searchable\n\nWhat Virginia State Corporation Commission actually says:\n\n“The SCC does not keep a record of members or managers. Contact the LLC for a list of their members and managers .”\n\nNote: This is an absence/privacy inference from the SCC FAQ, not an explicit statement that no personal information can ever appear in any public filing. The page says the SCC does not keep a record of members or managers.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/businesses/business-faqs/llc-faqs/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
      "evidence_quote": "The SCC does not keep a record of members or managers. Contact the LLC for a list of their members and managers .",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) - LLC privacy",
      "topic": "Whether LLC member names and home addresses are publicly searchable",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "scc",
        "topic": [
          "safety.privacy",
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r230_virginia_business_and_tax_for_creators_virginia_scc_local_business_license",
      "category": "Business",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Virginia home-based business license requirement",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Most businesses formed in Virginia need a local business license obtained from the city or county where the business operates; the SCC does not issue business licenses",
      "body": "Most businesses formed in Virginia need a local business license obtained from the city or county where the business operates; the SCC does not issue business licenses\n\nWhat Virginia State Corporation Commission actually says:\n\n“Most businesses formed in Virginia will need a local business license. You can obtain a license from the city or county where the business operates. The SCC does not provide business licenses.”\n\nNote: This is statewide SCC guidance that the license is local. It does not state a home-based-business exception or a uniform state fee; local requirements must be checked with the city or county.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/businesses/new-business-resources/resources-new-businesses/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-20",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
      "evidence_quote": "Most businesses formed in Virginia will need a local business license. You can obtain a license from the city or county where the business operates. The SCC does not provide business licenses.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "230-virginia-business-and-tax-for-creators",
      "subject": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) - local business licensing",
      "topic": "Virginia home-based business license requirement",
      "applies_to_country": "us-va",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-va"
        ],
        "platform": "scc",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal",
          "access.signup"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}