{
  "batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_anchor_rcw_index",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Official statute index",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington's official statutes are compiled in the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) at the legislature's site",
      "body": "Washington's official statutes are compiled in the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) at the legislature's site\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Revised Code of Washington (RCW)\n\n The Legislature website will be offline intermittently between 7 AM - 7 PM on Saturday, September 26 for scheduled maintenance. We apologize for the inconvenience. \n\n Menu \n\n Website Search Term \n \r\n Search \r\n\n Home \r\n / State laws and rules \r\n / RCWs\r\n\n Print \r\n\n Last update: July 15, 2026\r\n\n Revised Code of Washington (RCW)\n\n The Revised Code of Washington (RCW) is the compilation of all permanent laws now\r\n in force. It is a collection of Session Laws (enacted by the Legislature, and signed\r\n by the Governor, or enacted via the initiative process), arranged by topic, with\r\n amendments added and repealed laws removed. It does not include temporary laws such\r\n as appropriations acts.\r\n\n The Statute Law Committee declares that the certified PDF publication documents in the RCW Archive area on the Office of the Code Reviser's website constitute the official publication of the Revised Code of Washington.\r\n\n The online version of the RCW is updated twice a year, once in the early fall following\r\n the legislative session, and again at the end of the year if a ballot measure that\r\n changes the law passed at the general election. Copies of the RCW as they existed each year since 1973 are available in the RCW Archive .\r\n\n The Selected Titles version of the Revised Code of Washington is located here .\r\n\n There are several ways to find RCWs. Please see the links and information below:\n\n RCW dispositions \r\n\n Search RCWs \r\n\n If you know the full or partial citation, type it in the field below or choose \r\n from the generated list and click the Go button. (e.g. 4.04.010)\n\n Go \r\n\n RCWs by Title\n\n Titles Preface \r\n\n Title 1 \r\n GENERAL PROVISIONS \r\n\n Title 2 \r\n COURTS OF RECORD \r\n\n Title 3 \r\n DISTRICT COURTS—COURTS OF LIMITED JURISDICTION \r\n\n Title 4 \r\n CIVIL PROCEDURE \r\n\n Title 5 \r\n EVIDENCE \r\n\n Title 6 \r\n ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS \r\n\n Title 7 \r\n SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS AND ACTIONS \r\n\n Title 8 \r\n EMINENT DOMAIN”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Revised Code of Washington (RCW)\n\n The Legislature website will be offline intermittently between 7 AM - 7 PM on Saturday, September 26 for scheduled maintenance. We apologize for the inconvenience. \n\n Menu \n\n Website Search Term \n \r\n Search \r\n\n Home \r\n / State laws and rules \r\n / RCWs\r\n\n Print \r\n\n Last update: July 15, 2026\r\n\n Revised Code of Washington (RCW)\n\n The Revised Code of Washington (RCW) is the compilation of all permanent laws now\r\n in force. It is a collection of Session Laws (enacted by the Legislature, and signed\r\n by the Governor, or enacted via the initiative process), arranged by topic, with\r\n amendments added and repealed laws removed. It does not include temporary laws such\r\n as appropriations acts.\r\n\n The Statute Law Committee declares that the certified PDF publication documents in the RCW Archive area on the Office of the Code Reviser's website constitute the official publication of the Revised Code of Washington.\r\n\n The online version of the RCW is updated twice a year, once in the early fall following\r\n the legislative session, and again at the end of the year if a ballot measure that\r\n changes the law passed at the general election. Copies of the RCW as they existed each year since 1973 are available in the RCW Archive .\r\n\n The Selected Titles version of the Revised Code of Washington is located here .\r\n\n There are several ways to find RCWs. Please see the links and information below:\n\n RCW dispositions \r\n\n Search RCWs \r\n\n If you know the full or partial citation, type it in the field below or choose \r\n from the generated list and click the Go button. (e.g. 4.04.010)\n\n Go \r\n\n RCWs by Title\n\n Titles Preface \r\n\n Title 1 \r\n GENERAL PROVISIONS \r\n\n Title 2 \r\n COURTS OF RECORD \r\n\n Title 3 \r\n DISTRICT COURTS—COURTS OF LIMITED JURISDICTION \r\n\n Title 4 \r\n CIVIL PROCEDURE \r\n\n Title 5 \r\n EVIDENCE \r\n\n Title 6 \r\n ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS \r\n\n Title 7 \r\n SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS AND ACTIONS \r\n\n Title 8 \r\n EMINENT DOMAIN",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Official statute index",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9_73_030_consent_audio",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Audio recording consent requirements (one-party vs all-party)",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington requires all-party consent for recording private communications",
      "body": "Washington requires all-party consent for recording private communications\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“(1) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, it shall be unlawful for any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or the state of Washington, its agencies, and political subdivisions to intercept, or record any:\n(a) Private communication transmitted by telephone, telegraph, radio, or other device between two or more individuals between points within or without the state by any device electronic or otherwise designed to record and/or transmit said communication regardless how such device is powered or actuated, without first obtaining the consent of all the participants in the communication;\n(b) Private conversation, by any device electronic or otherwise designed to record or transmit such conversation regardless how the device is powered or actuated without first obtaining the consent of all the persons engaged in the conversation.”\n\nNote: For a two-person shoot to stay outside this statute, both parties must provide written consent to the conversation/communication",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9.73.030&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "(1) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, it shall be unlawful for any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or the state of Washington, its agencies, and political subdivisions to intercept, or record any:\n(a) Private communication transmitted by telephone, telegraph, radio, or other device between two or more individuals between points within or without the state by any device electronic or otherwise designed to record and/or transmit said communication regardless how such device is powered or actuated, without first obtaining the consent of all the participants in the communication;\n(b) Private conversation, by any device electronic or otherwise designed to record or transmit such conversation regardless how the device is powered or actuated without first obtaining the consent of all the persons engaged in the conversation.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Audio recording consent requirements (one-party vs all-party)",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.id"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9_a_44_115_voyeurism",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Video voyeurism statute covering non-consensual filming",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington criminalizes filming another person without their knowledge and consent for sexual purposes when they have a reasonable expectation of privacy",
      "body": "Washington criminalizes filming another person without their knowledge and consent for sexual purposes when they have a reasonable expectation of privacy\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“(2)(a) A person commits the crime of voyeurism in the first degree if, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, he or she knowingly views, photographs, or films:\n(i) Another person without that person's knowledge and consent while the person being viewed, photographed, or filmed is in a place where he or she would have a reasonable expectation of privacy”\n\nNote: Covers non-consensual filming for sexual purposes; does not address distribution of such material",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9A.44.115&full=true&section=2",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "(2)(a) A person commits the crime of voyeurism in the first degree if, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, he or she knowingly views, photographs, or films:\n(i) Another person without that person's knowledge and consent while the person being viewed, photographed, or filmed is in a place where he or she would have a reasonable expectation of privacy",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Video voyeurism statute covering non-consensual filming",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9a_44_115_voyeurism",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Video voyeurism statute covering non-consensual filming",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington criminalizes filming another person without their knowledge and consent for sexual purposes when they have a reasonable expectation of privacy",
      "body": "Washington criminalizes filming another person without their knowledge and consent for sexual purposes when they have a reasonable expectation of privacy\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“(2)(a) A person commits the crime of voyeurism in the first degree if, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, he or she knowingly views, photographs, or films:\n(i) Another person without that person's knowledge and consent while the person being viewed, photographed, or filmed is in a place where he or she would have a reasonable expectation of privacy”\n\nNote: Covers non-consensual filming for sexual purposes; does not address distribution of such material",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9A.44.115&full=true&section=2",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "(2)(a) A person commits the crime of voyeurism in the first degree if, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, he or she knowingly views, photographs, or films:\n(i) Another person without that person's knowledge and consent while the person being viewed, photographed, or filmed is in a place where he or she would have a reasonable expectation of privacy",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Video voyeurism statute covering non-consensual filming",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_gap_9_68_095_nonconsensual_distribution",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Non-consensual intimate image distribution statute (including synthetic/altered)",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington has no specific statute addressing non-consensual distribution of intimate images, including synthetic or altered depictions",
      "body": "Washington has no specific statute addressing non-consensual distribution of intimate images, including synthetic or altered depictions\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Chapter 9.68.095 RCW dispositions:  OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY”\n\nNote: Search attempted: searched Washington RCW Title 9 Chapter 9.68 for statutes addressing non-consensual distribution of intimate images; searched for 'nonconsensual intimate image', 'revenge porn', 'intimate image distribution', 'synthetic altered depictions', 'deepfake'",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9.68.095",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Chapter 9.68.095 RCW dispositions:  OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Non-consensual intimate image distribution statute (including synthetic/altered)",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9_68_030_indecent_articles",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Indecent articles distribution",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington prohibits exposing for sale, loan or distribution any instrument or article for causing unlawful abortion and distributing advertisements related thereto",
      "body": "Washington prohibits exposing for sale, loan or distribution any instrument or article for causing unlawful abortion and distributing advertisements related thereto\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Indecent articles, etc. \n\n Every person who shall expose for sale, loan or distribution, any instrument or article, or any drug or medicine, for causing unlawful abortion; or shall write, print, distribute or exhibit any card, circular, pamphlet, advertisement or notice of any kind, stating when, where, how or of whom such article or medicine can be obtained, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9.68.030&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Indecent articles, etc. \n\n Every person who shall expose for sale, loan or distribution, any instrument or article, or any drug or medicine, for causing unlawful abortion; or shall write, print, distribute or exhibit any card, circular, pamphlet, advertisement or notice of any kind, stating when, where, how or of whom such article or medicine can be obtained, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Indecent articles distribution",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9_68_050_erotic_material_definitions",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Erotic material definitions",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington defines 'erotic material' as material whose dominant theme appeals to the prurient interest of minors in sex, is patently offensive by contemporary community standards, and is utterly without redeeming social value",
      "body": "Washington defines 'erotic material' as material whose dominant theme appeals to the prurient interest of minors in sex, is patently offensive by contemporary community standards, and is utterly without redeeming social value\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“\"Erotic material\" — Definitions. \n\n For the purposes of RCW 9.68.050 through 9.68.120 :\n (1) \"Minor\" means any person under the age of eighteen years;\n (2) \"Erotic material\" means printed material, photographs, pictures, motion pictures, sound recordings, and other material the dominant theme of which taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest of minors in sex; which is patently offensive because it affronts contemporary community standards relating to the description or representation of sexual matters or sado-masochistic abuse; and is utterly without redeeming social value;\n (3) \"Person\" means any individual, corporation, or other organization;\n (4) \"Dealers\", \"distributors\", and \"exhibitors\" mean persons engaged in the distribution, sale, or exhibition of printed material, photographs, pictures, motion pictures, or sound recordings.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9.68.050&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "\"Erotic material\" — Definitions. \n\n For the purposes of RCW 9.68.050 through 9.68.120 :\n (1) \"Minor\" means any person under the age of eighteen years;\n (2) \"Erotic material\" means printed material, photographs, pictures, motion pictures, sound recordings, and other material the dominant theme of which taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest of minors in sex; which is patently offensive because it affronts contemporary community standards relating to the description or representation of sexual matters or sado-masochistic abuse; and is utterly without redeeming social value;\n (3) \"Person\" means any individual, corporation, or other organization;\n (4) \"Dealers\", \"distributors\", and \"exhibitors\" mean persons engaged in the distribution, sale, or exhibition of printed material, photographs, pictures, motion pictures, or sound recordings.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Erotic material definitions",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9a_88_010_indecent_exposure",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Indecent exposure statute",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington criminalizes indecent exposure when a person intentionally makes any open and obscene exposure of his or her person or the person of another knowing that such conduct is likely to cause reasonable affront or alarm",
      "body": "Washington criminalizes indecent exposure when a person intentionally makes any open and obscene exposure of his or her person or the person of another knowing that such conduct is likely to cause reasonable affront or alarm\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Indecent exposure. \n\n (1) A person is guilty of indecent exposure if he or she intentionally makes any open and obscene exposure of his or her person or the person of another knowing that such conduct is likely to cause reasonable affront or alarm. The act of breastfeeding or expressing breast milk is not indecent exposure.\n (2)(a) Except as provided in (b) and (c) of this subsection, indecent exposure is a misdemeanor.\n (b) Indecent exposure is a gross misdemeanor on the first offense if the person exposes himself or herself to a person under the age of fourteen years.\n (c) Indecent exposure is a class C felony if the person has previously been convicted under this section or of a sex offense as defined in RCW 9.94A.030 .”\n\nNote: For a filmed performance to stay outside this statute, the exposure must not be open/obscene or must not be likely to cause reasonable affront or alarm",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9A.88.010&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Indecent exposure. \n\n (1) A person is guilty of indecent exposure if he or she intentionally makes any open and obscene exposure of his or her person or the person of another knowing that such conduct is likely to cause reasonable affront or alarm. The act of breastfeeding or expressing breast milk is not indecent exposure.\n (2)(a) Except as provided in (b) and (c) of this subsection, indecent exposure is a misdemeanor.\n (b) Indecent exposure is a gross misdemeanor on the first offense if the person exposes himself or herself to a person under the age of fourteen years.\n (c) Indecent exposure is a class C felony if the person has previously been convicted under this section or of a sex offense as defined in RCW 9.94A.030 .",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Indecent exposure statute",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_63_60_010_right_of_publicity",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Right of publicity / commercial appropriation of name voice signature photograph likeness",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington grants every individual and personality a property right in the use of his or her name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness",
      "body": "Washington grants every individual and personality a property right in the use of his or her name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Property right — Use of name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness. \n\n Every individual or personality has a property right in the use of his or her name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness. Such right exists in the name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness of individuals or personalities deceased before, on, or after June 11, 1998. This right shall be freely transferable, assignable, and licensable, in whole or in part, by any otherwise permissible form of inter vivos or testamentary transfer, including without limitation a will or other testamentary instrument, trust, contract, community property agreement, or cotenancy with survivorship provisions or payable-on-death provisions, whether the will or other testamentary instrument, trust, contract, community property agreement, or cotenancy document is entered into or executed before, on, or after June 11, 1998, by the deceased individual or personality or by any subsequent owner of the deceased individual's or personality's rights as recognized by this chapter; or, if none is applicable, then the owner of the rights shall be determined under the laws of intestate succession applicable to interests in intangible personal property. The property right does not expire upon the death of the individual or personality, regardless of whether the law of the domicile, residence, or citizenship of the individual or personality at the time of death or other”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=63.60.010&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Property right — Use of name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness. \n\n Every individual or personality has a property right in the use of his or her name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness. Such right exists in the name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness of individuals or personalities deceased before, on, or after June 11, 1998. This right shall be freely transferable, assignable, and licensable, in whole or in part, by any otherwise permissible form of inter vivos or testamentary transfer, including without limitation a will or other testamentary instrument, trust, contract, community property agreement, or cotenancy with survivorship provisions or payable-on-death provisions, whether the will or other testamentary instrument, trust, contract, community property agreement, or cotenancy document is entered into or executed before, on, or after June 11, 1998, by the deceased individual or personality or by any subsequent owner of the deceased individual's or personality's rights as recognized by this chapter; or, if none is applicable, then the owner of the rights shall be determined under the laws of intestate succession applicable to interests in intangible personal property. The property right does not expire upon the death of the individual or personality, regardless of whether the law of the domicile, residence, or citizenship of the individual or personality at the time of death or other",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Right of publicity / commercial appropriation of name voice signature photograph likeness",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_63_60_050_infringement",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Infringement of right of publicity — use without consent",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington criminalizes the use or authorization of use of an individual's name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness on goods, merchandise, products, advertising, or fundraising without consent of the owner of the right",
      "body": "Washington criminalizes the use or authorization of use of an individual's name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness on goods, merchandise, products, advertising, or fundraising without consent of the owner of the right\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Infringement of right — Use without consent — Profit or not for profit. \n\n Any person who uses or authorizes the use of a living or deceased individual's or personality's name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness, on or in goods, merchandise, or products entered into commerce in this state, or for purposes of advertising products, merchandise, goods, or services, or for purposes of fund-raising or solicitation of donations, or if any person disseminates or publishes such advertisements in this state, without written or oral, express or implied consent of the owner of the right, has infringed such right. An infringement may occur under this section without regard to whether the use or activity is for profit or not for profit.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=63.60.050&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Infringement of right — Use without consent — Profit or not for profit. \n\n Any person who uses or authorizes the use of a living or deceased individual's or personality's name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness, on or in goods, merchandise, or products entered into commerce in this state, or for purposes of advertising products, merchandise, goods, or services, or for purposes of fund-raising or solicitation of donations, or if any person disseminates or publishes such advertisements in this state, without written or oral, express or implied consent of the owner of the right, has infringed such right. An infringement may occur under this section without regard to whether the use or activity is for profit or not for profit.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Infringement of right of publicity — use without consent",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9_68_060_obscene_material_determination",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Obscenity definitions and distribution offence",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington defines obscene material through court determination, labeling requirements, and penalties, with the chapter repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6",
      "body": "Washington defines obscene material through court determination, labeling requirements, and penalties, with the chapter repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Chapter 9.68.060 RCW dispositions: OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY \n\n \r\n\r\n Sections\n\n 9.68.010 \n Obscene literature, shows, etc. — Exception. \n\n [1969 c 92 § 1; 1961 c 146 § 1; 1959 c 260 § 1; 1909 c 249 § 207; 1891 c 69 § 24; 1886 p 122 § 1; Code 1881 § 850; 1873 p 210 § 130; 1869 p 226 § 124; 1854 p 96 § 118; RRS § 2459.]\n\n Repealed by 1982 c 184 § 11.\n\n 9.68.020 \n Prohibited publications. \n\n [1909 c 249 § 209; RRS § 2461.]\n\n Repealed by 1982 c 184 § 11.\n\n 9.68.040 \n Using indecent or vulgar language, etc. \n\n [1909 ex.s. c 23 § 1; RRS § 2721 1/2.]\n\n Repealed by 1972 ex.s. c 122 § 26, effective January 1, 1975.\n\n 9.68.060 \n \"Erotic material\"—Determination by court—Labeling—Penalties. \n\n [2011 c 96 § 8; 2003 c 53 § 41; 1992 c 5 § 2; 1969 ex.s. c 256 § 14.] Repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6.\n\n 9.68.070 \n Prosecution for violation of RCW 9.68.060—Defense. \n\n [2011 c 336 § 318; 1992 c 5 § 4; 1969 ex.s. c 256 § 15.] Repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6.\n\n 9.68.090 \n Civil liability of wholesaler or wholesaler-distributor. \n\n [2011 c 336 § 320; 1992 c 5 § 3; 1969 ex.s. c 256 § 17.] Repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6.”\n\nNote: Index opened: Chapter 9.68 RCW dispositions page at https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/dispo.aspx?cite=9.68.060 — the entire chapter list above shows the scope searched. Key obscenity/distribution sections (9.68.060 and 9.68.070) were repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/dispo.aspx?cite=9.68.060",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Chapter 9.68.060 RCW dispositions: OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY \n\n \r\n\r\n Sections\n\n 9.68.010 \n Obscene literature, shows, etc. — Exception. \n\n [1969 c 92 § 1; 1961 c 146 § 1; 1959 c 260 § 1; 1909 c 249 § 207; 1891 c 69 § 24; 1886 p 122 § 1; Code 1881 § 850; 1873 p 210 § 130; 1869 p 226 § 124; 1854 p 96 § 118; RRS § 2459.]\n\n Repealed by 1982 c 184 § 11.\n\n 9.68.020 \n Prohibited publications. \n\n [1909 c 249 § 209; RRS § 2461.]\n\n Repealed by 1982 c 184 § 11.\n\n 9.68.040 \n Using indecent or vulgar language, etc. \n\n [1909 ex.s. c 23 § 1; RRS § 2721 1/2.]\n\n Repealed by 1972 ex.s. c 122 § 26, effective January 1, 1975.\n\n 9.68.060 \n \"Erotic material\"—Determination by court—Labeling—Penalties. \n\n [2011 c 96 § 8; 2003 c 53 § 41; 1992 c 5 § 2; 1969 ex.s. c 256 § 14.] Repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6.\n\n 9.68.070 \n Prosecution for violation of RCW 9.68.060—Defense. \n\n [2011 c 336 § 318; 1992 c 5 § 4; 1969 ex.s. c 256 § 15.] Repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6.\n\n 9.68.090 \n Civil liability of wholesaler or wholesaler-distributor. \n\n [2011 c 336 § 320; 1992 c 5 § 3; 1969 ex.s. c 256 § 17.] Repealed by 2024 c 232 s 6.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Obscenity definitions and distribution offence",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9a_88_030_prostitution",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Prostitution statute",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington criminalizes prostitution as engaging in sexual conduct in return for a fee",
      "body": "Washington criminalizes prostitution as engaging in sexual conduct in return for a fee\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Prostitution. \n\n (1) A person age eighteen or older is guilty of prostitution if such person engages or agrees or offers to engage in sexual conduct with another person in return for a fee.\n (2) For purposes of this section, \"sexual conduct\" means \"sexual intercourse\" or \"sexual contact,\" both as defined in chapter 9A.44 RCW.\n (3) Prostitution is a misdemeanor.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9A.88.030&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Prostitution. \n\n (1) A person age eighteen or older is guilty of prostitution if such person engages or agrees or offers to engage in sexual conduct with another person in return for a fee.\n (2) For purposes of this section, \"sexual conduct\" means \"sexual intercourse\" or \"sexual contact,\" both as defined in chapter 9A.44 RCW.\n (3) Prostitution is a misdemeanor.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Prostitution statute",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9_68_060_obscene_literature_shows",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Obscene literature, shows, etc",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington repealed the 'obscene literature, shows, etc.' section (9.68.010) in 1982",
      "body": "Washington repealed the 'obscene literature, shows, etc.' section (9.68.010) in 1982\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Chapter 9.68 RCW dispositions: OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY \n\n \r\n\r\n Sections\n\n 9.68.010 \n Obscene literature, shows, etc. — Exception. \n\n [1969 c 92 § 1; 1961 c 146 § 1; 1959 c 260 § 1; 1909 c 249 § 207; 1886 p 122 § 1; Code 1881 § 850; 1873 p 210 § 130; 1869 p 226 § 124; 1854 p 96 § 118; RRS § 2459.]\n\n Repealed by 1982 c 184 § 11.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/dispo.aspx?cite=9.68.010",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Chapter 9.68 RCW dispositions: OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY \n\n \r\n\r\n Sections\n\n 9.68.010 \n Obscene literature, shows, etc. — Exception. \n\n [1969 c 92 § 1; 1961 c 146 § 1; 1959 c 260 § 1; 1909 c 249 § 207; 1886 p 122 § 1; Code 1881 § 850; 1873 p 210 § 130; 1869 p 226 § 124; 1854 p 96 § 118; RRS § 2459.]\n\n Repealed by 1982 c 184 § 11.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Obscene literature, shows, etc.",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_gap_9_68_095_right_of_publicity_private",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Right of publicity / private right of action for intimate image distribution",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington has no specific statute creating a private right of action for non-consensual distribution of intimate images",
      "body": "Washington has no specific statute creating a private right of action for non-consensual distribution of intimate images\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Chapter 9.68.095 RCW dispositions:  OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY”\n\nNote: Searched Washington RCW Title 9 Chapter 9.68 for statutes addressing non-consensual distribution of intimate images; searched for 'nonconsensual intimate image', 'revenge porn', 'intimate image distribution', 'synthetic altered depictions', 'deepfake'",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9.68.095",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Chapter 9.68.095 RCW dispositions:  OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Right of publicity / private right of action for intimate image distribution",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9_68_130_sexually_explicit_material",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Sexually explicit material — unlawful display",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington criminalizes knowingly exhibiting sexually explicit material on a viewing screen so that it is easily visible from a public thoroughfare, park, playground, or family dwelling units",
      "body": "Washington criminalizes knowingly exhibiting sexually explicit material on a viewing screen so that it is easily visible from a public thoroughfare, park, playground, or family dwelling units\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“\"Sexually explicit material\" — Defined — Unlawful display. \n\n (1) A person is guilty of unlawful display of sexually explicit material if he or she knowingly exhibits such material on a viewing screen so that the sexually explicit material is easily visible from a public thoroughfare, park or playground or from one or more family dwelling units.\n (2) \"Sexually explicit material\" as that term is used in this section means any pictorial material displaying direct physical stimulation of unclothed genitals, masturbation, sodomy (i.e. bestiality or oral or anal intercourse), flagellation or torture in the context of a sexual relationship, or emphasizing the depiction of adult human genitals: PROVIDED HOWEVER, That works of art or of anthropological significance shall not be deemed to be within the foregoing definition.\n (3) Any person who violates subsection (1) of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9.68.130&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "\"Sexually explicit material\" — Defined — Unlawful display. \n\n (1) A person is guilty of unlawful display of sexually explicit material if he or she knowingly exhibits such material on a viewing screen so that the sexually explicit material is easily visible from a public thoroughfare, park or playground or from one or more family dwelling units.\n (2) \"Sexually explicit material\" as that term is used in this section means any pictorial material displaying direct physical stimulation of unclothed genitals, masturbation, sodomy (i.e. bestiality or oral or anal intercourse), flagellation or torture in the context of a sexual relationship, or emphasizing the depiction of adult human genitals: PROVIDED HOWEVER, That works of art or of anthropological significance shall not be deemed to be within the foregoing definition.\n (3) Any person who violates subsection (1) of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Sexually explicit material — unlawful display",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r234_washington_video_recording_and_obscenity_statutes_wa_9_68_140_promoting_pornography",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content: Promoting pornography",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Washington criminalizes promoting pornography as a class C felony for selling, exhibiting, displaying, or producing lewd matter for profit-making purposes with knowledge",
      "body": "Washington criminalizes promoting pornography as a class C felony for selling, exhibiting, displaying, or producing lewd matter for profit-making purposes with knowledge\n\nWhat Washington State Legislature actually says:\n\n“Promoting pornography — Class C felony — Penalties. \n\n A person who, for profit-making purposes and with knowledge, sells, exhibits, displays, or produces any lewd matter as defined in RCW 7.48A.010 is guilty of promoting pornography. Promoting pornography is a class C felony and shall bear the punishment and fines prescribed for that class of felony. In imposing the criminal penalty, the court shall consider the wilfulness of the defendant's conduct and the profits made by the defendant attributable to the felony. All fines assessed under this chapter shall be paid into the general treasury of the state.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=9.68.140&full=true",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Promoting pornography — Class C felony — Penalties. \n\n A person who, for profit-making purposes and with knowledge, sells, exhibits, displays, or produces any lewd matter as defined in RCW 7.48A.010 is guilty of promoting pornography. Promoting pornography is a class C felony and shall bear the punishment and fines prescribed for that class of felony. In imposing the criminal penalty, the court shall consider the wilfulness of the defendant's conduct and the profits made by the defendant attributable to the felony. All fines assessed under this chapter shall be paid into the general treasury of the state.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "234-washington-video-recording-and-obscenity-statutes",
      "subject": "Washington statutes touching filming, recording and distributing sexual content",
      "topic": "Promoting pornography",
      "applies_to_country": "us-wa",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-wa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.enforcement"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}