{
  "batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_statute_exists",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] South Carolina has an age-verification statute in force, Sec",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] South Carolina has an age-verification statute in force, Section 37-1-310 \"Child online safety,\" added to Title 37 of the SC Code of Laws by 2024 Act No. 198 (H.3424), effective May 21, 2024.",
      "body": "South Carolina has an age-verification statute in force, Section 37-1-310 \"Child online safety,\" added to Title 37 of the SC Code of Laws by 2024 Act No. 198 (H.3424), effective May 21, 2024.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“SECTION 37-1-310. Child online safety.”\n\nNote: This is the anchor record. The statute was confirmed in force from the official SC Code of Laws page. The cross-reference sections 16-15-305 and 16-15-375 were also opened to verify definitions of \"obscene material\" and \"material harmful to minors.\"",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "SECTION 37-1-310. Child online safety.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_effective_date",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] South Carolina Section 37-1-310 was enacted by 2024 Act No",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] South Carolina Section 37-1-310 was enacted by 2024 Act No. 198 (H.3424), ratified May 15, 2024, signed by the Governor May 21, 2024, with an effective date of May 21, 2024, and the age-verification duty applies beginning January 1, 2025.",
      "body": "South Carolina Section 37-1-310 was enacted by 2024 Act No. 198 (H.3424), ratified May 15, 2024, signed by the Governor May 21, 2024, with an effective date of May 21, 2024, and the age-verification duty applies beginning January 1, 2025.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“HISTORY: 2024 Act No. 198 (H.3424), SECTION 1, eff May 21, 2024.”\n\nNote: Bill history page on scstatehouse.gov confirms ratification, governor signature, and effective date. The duty begins January 1, 2025 per Section 37-1-310(C)(1) operative text.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=3424&session=125&summary=B",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "HISTORY: 2024 Act No. 198 (H.3424), SECTION 1, eff May 21, 2024.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_commercial_entity_definition",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310 expressly binds a \"commercial entity\" and d",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310 expressly binds a \"commercial entity\" and defines that term to include corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, limited partnerships, sole proprietorships, or other legally recognized entities; it does not expressly name an individual creator or natural person.",
      "body": "Section 37-1-310 expressly binds a \"commercial entity\" and defines that term to include corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, limited partnerships, sole proprietorships, or other legally recognized entities; it does not expressly name an individual creator or natural person.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“(3) \"Commercial entity\" includes corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, limited partnerships, sole proprietorships, or other legally recognized entities.”\n\nNote: CRITICAL RECORD for this batch. The statute does not expressly state a separate duty for an individual creator selling content through someone else's platform. It includes sole proprietorships, so the statute does not categorically exclude every natural-person business; whether a particular individual is a \"commercial entity\" is not resolved by this definition. The operative duty is recorded separately.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "(3) \"Commercial entity\" includes corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, limited partnerships, sole proprietorships, or other legally recognized entities.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "choosing",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.signup"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_creator_duty_scope",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] The operative age-verification duty is stated for a commerci",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The operative age-verification duty is stated for a commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes material harmful to minors on the Internet from a website containing a substantial portion of such material; the statute does not state a separate duty for an individual creator selling content through someone else's platform.",
      "body": "The operative age-verification duty is stated for a commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes material harmful to minors on the Internet from a website containing a substantial portion of such material; the statute does not state a separate duty for an individual creator selling content through someone else's platform.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“(C)(1) Beginning January 1, 2025, a commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes material harmful to minors on the Internet from a website that contains a substantial portion of such material must be held liable if the entity fails to perform reasonable age verification methods to verify the age of an individual attempting to access the material.”\n\nNote: This is the direct answer to the batch question from the statute's own words. The statute does not expressly name individual creators or platforms such as OnlyFans or Fansly. Whether a particular individual qualifies as a commercial entity, including a sole proprietorship, is not resolved by the statute.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "(C)(1) Beginning January 1, 2025, a commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes material harmful to minors on the Internet from a website that contains a substantial portion of such material must be held liable if the entity fails to perform reasonable age verification methods to verify the age of an individual attempting to access the material.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_substantial_portion_threshold",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310 triggers the age-verification duty only whe",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310 triggers the age-verification duty only when the website contains a \"substantial portion\" of material harmful to minors, defined as more than thirty-three and one-third percent of total material on the website.",
      "body": "Section 37-1-310 triggers the age-verification duty only when the website contains a \"substantial portion\" of material harmful to minors, defined as more than thirty-three and one-third percent of total material on the website.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“(13) \"Substantial portion\" means more than thirty-three and one-third percent of total material on a website, which meets the definition of \"material harmful to minors\" as defined in this section.”\n\nNote: Threshold is a volume/proportion test (more than 33.3%), not a categorical rule about platform type.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "(13) \"Substantial portion\" means more than thirty-three and one-third percent of total material on a website, which meets the definition of \"material harmful to minors\" as defined in this section.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_verification_methods",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310 accepts three \"reasonable age verification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310 accepts three \"reasonable age verification methods\": (a) a digitized identification card via a state-approved mobile application; (b) an independent third-party age verification service comparing personal information against government/business databases; (c) any commercially reasonable method relying on public or private transactional data.",
      "body": "Section 37-1-310 accepts three \"reasonable age verification methods\": (a) a digitized identification card via a state-approved mobile application; (b) an independent third-party age verification service comparing personal information against government/business databases; (c) any commercially reasonable method relying on public or private transactional data.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“(12) \"Reasonable age verification methods\" means verifying that the person seeking to access the material is eighteen years old or older by using any of the following methods: (a) use of a digitized identification card as defined in this subsection; (b) verification through an independent, third-party age verification service that compares the personal information entered by the individual who is seeking access to the material that is available from a commercially available database, or aggregate of databases, that is regularly used by government agencies and businesses for the purpose of age and identity verification; or (c) any commercially reasonable method that relies on public or private transactional data to verify the age of the person attempting to access the material.”\n\nNote: The statute does not require a specific vendor or technology; it lists three acceptable methods.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "(12) \"Reasonable age verification methods\" means verifying that the person seeking to access the material is eighteen years old or older by using any of the following methods: (a) use of a digitized identification card as defined in this subsection; (b) verification through an independent, third-party age verification service that compares the personal information entered by the individual who is seeking access to the material that is available from a commercially available database, or aggregate of databases, that is regularly used by government agencies and businesses for the purpose of age and identity verification; or (c) any commercially reasonable method that relies on public or private transactional data to verify the age of the person attempting to access the material.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "access.id"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_data_retention_prohibition",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310(C)(6) prohibits a commercial entity or thir",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310(C)(6) prohibits a commercial entity or third party that uses reasonable age verification methods from retaining any identifying information of the individual after access has been granted to the material.",
      "body": "Section 37-1-310(C)(6) prohibits a commercial entity or third party that uses reasonable age verification methods from retaining any identifying information of the individual after access has been granted to the material.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“(6) A commercial entity or third party that uses reasonable age verification methods may not retain any identifying information of the individual after access has been granted to the material.”\n\nNote: This is a retention prohibition, not a retention requirement.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "(6) A commercial entity or third party that uses reasonable age verification methods may not retain any identifying information of the individual after access has been granted to the material.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.privacy"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_enforcement_ag",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310(D) authorizes the South Carolina Attorney G",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310(D) authorizes the South Carolina Attorney General to seek injunctive and other equitable relief against a commercial entity that fails to comply with the age-verification provisions.",
      "body": "Section 37-1-310(D) authorizes the South Carolina Attorney General to seek injunctive and other equitable relief against a commercial entity that fails to comply with the age-verification provisions.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“(D) The Attorney General may seek injunctive and other equitable relief against a commercial entity that fails to comply with the provisions of this section.”\n\nNote: State-action enforcement path. Private enforcement is recorded separately.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "(D) The Attorney General may seek injunctive and other equitable relief against a commercial entity that fails to comply with the provisions of this section.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_private_right_of_action",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310(C)(2) establishes a private right of action",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 37-1-310(C)(2) establishes a private right of action: a commercial entity found to have violated the section is liable to the minor, by and through the minor's parent or legal guardian, for nominal damages, actual damages, court costs, and reasonable attorney fees.",
      "body": "Section 37-1-310(C)(2) establishes a private right of action: a commercial entity found to have violated the section is liable to the minor, by and through the minor's parent or legal guardian, for nominal damages, actual damages, court costs, and reasonable attorney fees.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“(2) A commercial entity that is found to have violated this section is liable to the minor, by and through the minor's parent or legal guardian, for damages resulting from a minor's accessing the material, including liability for nominal damages, actual damages, court costs, and reasonable attorney fees as ordered by the court.”\n\nNote: Punitive damages available under (C)(3) if legal standards elsewhere in law are satisfied.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "(2) A commercial entity that is found to have violated this section is liable to the minor, by and through the minor's parent or legal guardian, for damages resulting from a minor's accessing the material, including liability for nominal damages, actual damages, court costs, and reasonable attorney fees as ordered by the court.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r298_south_carolina_age_verification_as_it_lands_on_a_creator_sc_av_no_court_enjoinment_found",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] No court order enjoining Section 37-1-310 was located on Cou",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] No court order enjoining Section 37-1-310 was located on CourtListener or official SC court sites as of 2026-09-24. The statute is treated as in force based on the index and bill-history evidence reviewed; absence of a found injunction is weaker evidence than a located injunction.",
      "body": "No court order enjoining Section 37-1-310 was located on CourtListener or official SC court sites as of 2026-09-24. The statute is treated as in force based on the index and bill-history evidence reviewed; absence of a found injunction is weaker evidence than a located injunction.\n\nWhat South Carolina Legislative Services Agency actually says:\n\n“HISTORY: 2024 Act No. 198 (H.3424), SECTION 1, eff May 21, 2024.”\n\nNote: CourtListener search returned 0 results for query '\"Section 37-1-310\" age verification' across all courts including SC and SCOTUS (confirmed on 2026-09-24 via https://www.courtlistener.com/?q=%22Section%2037-1-310%22%20age%20verification). The official SC court site (sccourts.org/supreme/) was not directly searchable for injunctions against individual statutes. Per the absence-evidence rules, this record carries confidence 'contested'. The statute is presumed in force; if a federal or state court order is later located from an official court source, this record must be superseded.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c001.php?chapter=1&section=37-1-310",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
      "reliability": "CREATOR STRATEGY",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "South Carolina Legislative Services Agency",
      "evidence_quote": "HISTORY: 2024 Act No. 198 (H.3424), SECTION 1, eff May 21, 2024.",
      "volatility": "high",
      "from_batch": "298-south-carolina-age-verification-as-it-lands-on-a-creator",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "running",
        "region": [
          "us-sc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}