{ "batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "articles": [ { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_anchor_ar_code", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Arkansas Code and Constitution of 1874: the General Assembly's Arkansas Law page (anchor)", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The Arkansas General Assembly's own site (arkleg.state.ar.us, run by the Bureau of Legislative Research) lists the Arkansas Code and Constitution of 1874 under its Arkansas Law menu. The Code text itself is hosted by LexisNexis behind a JavaScript viewer, so the operative statute text in this batch is quoted from the signed Acts on arkleg.state.ar.us that enacted or reprint it. The sections quoted below are in Title 5 (Criminal Offenses), Title 16 and Title 4.", "body": "The Arkansas General Assembly's own site (arkleg.state.ar.us, run by the Bureau of Legislative Research) lists the Arkansas Code and Constitution of 1874 under its Arkansas Law menu. The Code text itself is hosted by LexisNexis behind a JavaScript viewer, so the operative statute text in this batch is quoted from the signed Acts on arkleg.state.ar.us that enacted or reprint it. The sections quoted below are in Title 5 (Criminal Offenses), Title 16 and Title 4.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“Arkansas Law Arkansas Code and Constitution of 1874 | Uncodified Historic Legislation”\n\nNote: Anchor record: arkleg.state.ar.us/ArkansasLaw. The Code link on that page leaves the site for Lexis (advance.lexis.com), which returns only a JavaScript shell to automated readers, so section text could not be quoted from the Code itself. Signed Act PDFs on arkleg.state.ar.us print the whole section when an Act amends it, with stricken and inserted words side by side.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ArkansasLaw", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "Arkansas Law Arkansas Code and Constitution of 1874 | Uncodified Historic Legislation", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Arkansas Code (official publication)", "topic": "Arkansas Code and Constitution of 1874: the General Assembly's Arkansas Law page (anchor)", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nci_def", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(a): Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: definitions", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(a), as amended by Act 981 of 2025, defines 'identifiable' (recognizable by face, likeness or other distinguishing characteristic, or by additional information stating the person's identity) and 'intimate image' (an image, picture or video that depicts a person in a state of nudity or engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity or sexually explicit conduct).", "body": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(a), as amended by Act 981 of 2025, defines 'identifiable' (recognizable by face, likeness or other distinguishing characteristic, or by additional information stating the person's identity) and 'intimate image' (an image, picture or video that depicts a person in a state of nudity or engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity or sexually explicit conduct).\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(2) \"Intimate image\" means an image, picture, or video that depicts a person: (A) In a state of nudity; or (B) Engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity, or sexually explicit conduct.”\n\nNote: The definition says an 'image, picture, or video that depicts a person'; it does not itself say whether synthetic or altered images are covered. Arkansas separately criminalises deepfake nudity and sexual depictions in 5-14-139 (Act 827 of 2025).", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=981.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(2) \"Intimate image\" means an image, picture, or video that depicts a person: (A) In a state of nudity; or (B) Engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity, or sexually explicit conduct.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(a)", "topic": "Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: definitions", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nci_elem", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(b): Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: element (consent)", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(b) as amended by Act 981 of 2025: a person aged 18 or older commits the offence by purposely distributing an intimate image of an identifiable person without the consent of the identifiable person depicted; the Act replaced the earlier requirement of a purpose to harass and a family or dating relationship.", "body": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(b) as amended by Act 981 of 2025: a person aged 18 or older commits the offence by purposely distributing an intimate image of an identifiable person without the consent of the identifiable person depicted; the Act replaced the earlier requirement of a purpose to harass and a family or dating relationship.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“he or she purposely distributes an intimate image of an identifiable person without the consent of the identifiable person depicted in the intimate image.”\n\nNote: Signed Act prints the replaced elements (purpose to harass, frighten, intimidate; family, household or dating relationship) and the new element together; the quoted clause is the new one. The text requires distribution without the consent of the person depicted; the defenses record shows what the Act says about consent to creation.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=981.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "he or she purposely distributes an intimate image of an identifiable person without the consent of the identifiable person depicted in the intimate image.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(b)", "topic": "Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: element (consent)", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nci_def_no", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(c): Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: what is NOT a defense", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(c) as amended by Act 981 of 2025: it is not a defense that the image was created with the knowledge or consent of the person depicted, was created by that person, or was disclosed by that person to another person.", "body": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(c) as amended by Act 981 of 2025: it is not a defense that the image was created with the knowledge or consent of the person depicted, was created by that person, or was disclosed by that person to another person.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(2) Was created by the identifiable person depicted in the intimate image; (3) Was disclosed by the identifiable person depicted in the intimate image to another person;”\n\nNote: Subdivision (1) of the same list (created with the knowledge or consent of the depicted person) is printed beside replaced words and is described in the claim from the Act's headline wording only.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=981.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(2) Was created by the identifiable person depicted in the intimate image; (3) Was disclosed by the identifiable person depicted in the intimate image to another person;", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(c)", "topic": "Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: what is NOT a defense", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nci_pen", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(d): Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: penalty class", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(d) as amended by Act 981 of 2025: Class C felony for a second or subsequent offence in the qualifying categories, Class D felony if the person had a purpose to cause physical injury or mental, economic or reputational harm or received anything of value in return, and otherwise a Class A misdemeanor.", "body": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(d) as amended by Act 981 of 2025: Class C felony for a second or subsequent offence in the qualifying categories, Class D felony if the person had a purpose to cause physical injury or mental, economic or reputational harm or received anything of value in return, and otherwise a Class A misdemeanor.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(1) Class C felony for a: (A) Second or subsequent offense under subdivision (d)(2)(A) or subdivision (d)(2)(B) of this section; or (B) Third or subsequent offense under subdivision (d)(3) of this section; (2) Class D felony: (A) If the person had a purpose to cause physical injury or mental, economic, or reputational harm to the identifiable person depicted in the intimate image; (B) If the person received anything of value in return for the commission of the offense; or (C) For a second offense under subdivision (d)(3) of this section; or (3) Class A misdemeanor if otherwise committed.”\n\nNote: Subdivision (d)(2)(B) makes the receipt of anything of value in return for the offence a ground for a Class D felony.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=981.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(1) Class C felony for a: (A) Second or subsequent offense under subdivision (d)(2)(A) or subdivision (d)(2)(B) of this section; or (B) Third or subsequent offense under subdivision (d)(3) of this section; (2) Class D felony: (A) If the person had a purpose to cause physical injury or mental, economic, or reputational harm to the identifiable person depicted in the intimate image; (B) If the person received anything of value in return for the commission of the offense; or (C) For a second offense under subdivision (d)(3) of this section; or (3) Class A misdemeanor if otherwise committed.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(d)", "topic": "Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: penalty class", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nci_isp", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(f): Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: platform exemption", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-26-314(f): the section does not apply to the provider of a telecommunications service or an information service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. 153, for content provided by another person.", "body": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(f): the section does not apply to the provider of a telecommunications service or an information service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. 153, for content provided by another person.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(f) This section does not apply to the provider of a telecommunications service or an information service, as those terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153, for content provided by another person.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=981.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(f) This section does not apply to the provider of a telecommunications service or an information service, as those terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153, for content provided by another person.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 5-26-314(f)", "topic": "Unlawful distribution of an intimate image: platform exemption", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_deepfake", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-14-139 (Act 827 of 2025): Unlawful creation or distribution of deepfake visual material", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 5-14-139, created by Act 827 of 2025: it is an offence to knowingly create or distribute, without the consent of the person depicted, deepfake visual material depicting another identifiable person in a state of nudity or engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity or sexually explicit conduct; a first offence is a Class A misdemeanor and a second or later offence a Class D felony.", "body": "Ark. Code 5-14-139, created by Act 827 of 2025: it is an offence to knowingly create or distribute, without the consent of the person depicted, deepfake visual material depicting another identifiable person in a state of nudity or engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity or sexually explicit conduct; a first offence is a Class A misdemeanor and a second or later offence a Class D felony.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(b) A person commits the offense of unlawful creation or distribution of deepfake visual material if he or she, without consent of the person depicted, knowingly creates or distributes deepfake visual material that depicts another identifiable person: (1) In a state of nudity such that an ordinary person viewing the deepfake visual material would conclude that the depiction is of the identifiable person in a state of nudity; or (2) Engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity, or sexually explicit conduct such that an ordinary person viewing the deepfake visual material would conclude that the depiction is of the identifiable person engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity, or sexually explicit conduct. (c) Unlawful creation or distribution of deepfake visual material is: (1) For a first offense, a Class A misdemeanor; and (2) For a second or subsequent offense, a Class D felony.”\n\nNote: The offence in subsection (b) covers deepfake visual material depicting an identifiable person in nudity or sexual conduct. Subsection (a) defines 'deepfake visual material' as a photograph, image, video or other visual depiction that appears to an ordinary person to be an authentic depiction of an identifiable person and is generated, modified or adapted using technology to falsely depict the person's appearance, voice or conduct.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=827.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(b) A person commits the offense of unlawful creation or distribution of deepfake visual material if he or she, without consent of the person depicted, knowingly creates or distributes deepfake visual material that depicts another identifiable person: (1) In a state of nudity such that an ordinary person viewing the deepfake visual material would conclude that the depiction is of the identifiable person in a state of nudity; or (2) Engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity, or sexually explicit conduct such that an ordinary person viewing the deepfake visual material would conclude that the depiction is of the identifiable person engaging in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, deviate sexual activity, or sexually explicit conduct. (c) Unlawful creation or distribution of deepfake visual material is: (1) For a first offense, a Class A misdemeanor; and (2) For a second or subsequent offense, a Class D felony.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 5-14-139 (Act 827 of 2025)", "topic": "Unlawful creation or distribution of deepfake visual material", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_civ_def_consent", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-102(1): Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: what 'consent' means", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-102(1) (Uniform Civil Remedies for Unauthorized Disclosure of Intimate Images Act, Act 420 of 2021): consent means affirmative, conscious and voluntary authorization by an individual with legal capacity to give authorization.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-129-102(1) (Uniform Civil Remedies for Unauthorized Disclosure of Intimate Images Act, Act 420 of 2021): consent means affirmative, conscious and voluntary authorization by an individual with legal capacity to give authorization.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(1) \"Consent\" means affirmative, conscious, and voluntary authorization by an individual with legal capacity to give authorization.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=420.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(1) \"Consent\" means affirmative, conscious, and voluntary authorization by an individual with legal capacity to give authorization.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-129-102(1)", "topic": "Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: what 'consent' means", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_civ_def_image", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-102(7): Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: what an 'intimate image' is", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-102(7): an intimate image is a photograph, film, video recording or similar medium showing the uncovered genitals, pubic area, anus or female post-pubescent nipple of a depicted individual, or a depicted individual engaging in or being subjected to sexual conduct.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-129-102(7): an intimate image is a photograph, film, video recording or similar medium showing the uncovered genitals, pubic area, anus or female post-pubescent nipple of a depicted individual, or a depicted individual engaging in or being subjected to sexual conduct.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(7) \"Intimate image\" means a photograph, film, video recording, or other similar medium that shows: (A) the uncovered genitals, pubic area, anus, or female post-pubescent nipple of a depicted individual; or (B) a depicted individual engaging in or being subjected to sexual conduct.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=420.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(7) \"Intimate image\" means a photograph, film, video recording, or other similar medium that shows: (A) the uncovered genitals, pubic area, anus, or female post-pubescent nipple of a depicted individual; or (B) a depicted individual engaging in or being subjected to sexual conduct.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-129-102(7)", "topic": "Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: what an 'intimate image' is", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_civ_cause", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-103(b): Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: who may sue", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-103(b): a depicted individual who is identifiable and suffers harm from a person's intentional disclosure of a private intimate image without the depicted individual's consent has a cause of action against the person, if the person knew or recklessly disregarded that the individual did not consent, that the image was private, and that the individual was identifiable.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-129-103(b): a depicted individual who is identifiable and suffers harm from a person's intentional disclosure of a private intimate image without the depicted individual's consent has a cause of action against the person, if the person knew or recklessly disregarded that the individual did not consent, that the image was private, and that the individual was identifiable.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(b) Except as otherwise provided in 16-129-104, a depicted individual who is identifiable and who suffers harm from a person's intentional disclosure of an intimate image that was private without the depicted individual's consent has a cause of action against the person if the person knew or acted with reckless disregard for whether: (1) the depicted individual did not consent to the disclosure; (2) the intimate image was private; and (3) the depicted individual was identifiable.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=420.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(b) Except as otherwise provided in 16-129-104, a depicted individual who is identifiable and who suffers harm from a person's intentional disclosure of an intimate image that was private without the depicted individual's consent has a cause of action against the person if the person knew or acted with reckless disregard for whether: (1) the depicted individual did not consent to the disclosure; (2) the intimate image was private; and (3) the depicted individual was identifiable.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-129-103(b)", "topic": "Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: who may sue", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_civ_prior", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-103(c): Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: consent to creation or earlier disclosure is not consent to this disclosure", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-103(c): consent to the creation of the image, or a previous consensual disclosure of it, does not by itself establish consent to the disclosure sued on or that the individual lacked a reasonable expectation of privacy.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-129-103(c): consent to the creation of the image, or a previous consensual disclosure of it, does not by itself establish consent to the disclosure sued on or that the individual lacked a reasonable expectation of privacy.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(c) The following conduct by a depicted individual does not establish by itself that the individual consented to the disclosure of the intimate image which is the subject of an action under this chapter or that the individual lacked a reasonable expectation of privacy: (1) consent to creation of the image; or (2) previous consensual disclosure of the image.”\n\nNote: The text says earlier consent to creation, or an earlier consensual disclosure, does not by itself establish consent to the disclosure sued on.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=420.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(c) The following conduct by a depicted individual does not establish by itself that the individual consented to the disclosure of the intimate image which is the subject of an action under this chapter or that the individual lacked a reasonable expectation of privacy: (1) consent to creation of the image; or (2) previous consensual disclosure of the image.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-129-103(c)", "topic": "Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: consent to creation or earlier disclosure is not consent to this disclosure", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_civ_remedy", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-106(a): Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: damages", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-106(a): a prevailing plaintiff may recover the greater of actual economic and noneconomic damages (including emotional distress) or statutory damages not to exceed $10,000 against each defendant for all disclosures known when the action is filed, plus the defendant's monetary gain from the disclosure, and punitive damages.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-129-106(a): a prevailing plaintiff may recover the greater of actual economic and noneconomic damages (including emotional distress) or statutory damages not to exceed $10,000 against each defendant for all disclosures known when the action is filed, plus the defendant's monetary gain from the disclosure, and punitive damages.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(a) In an action under this chapter, a prevailing plaintiff may recover: (1) the greater of: (A) economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the defendant's disclosure, including damages for emotional distress whether or not accompanied by other damages; or (B) statutory damages not to exceed $10,000 against each defendant found liable under this chapter for all disclosures by the defendant of which the plaintiff knew or reasonably should have known when filing the action or which became known during the pendency of the action.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=420.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(a) In an action under this chapter, a prevailing plaintiff may recover: (1) the greater of: (A) economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the defendant's disclosure, including damages for emotional distress whether or not accompanied by other damages; or (B) statutory damages not to exceed $10,000 against each defendant found liable under this chapter for all disclosures by the defendant of which the plaintiff knew or reasonably should have known when filing the action or which became known during the pendency of the action.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-129-106(a)", "topic": "Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: damages", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_civ_fees", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-106(b): Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: attorney fees and injunction", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-106(b): the court may award a prevailing plaintiff reasonable attorney's fees and costs and additional relief including injunctive relief.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-129-106(b): the court may award a prevailing plaintiff reasonable attorney's fees and costs and additional relief including injunctive relief.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(b) In an action under this chapter, the court may award a prevailing plaintiff: (1) reasonable attorney's fees and costs; and (2) additional relief, including injunctive relief.”\n\nNote: Fees are discretionary ('may award'), not mandatory.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=420.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(b) In an action under this chapter, the court may award a prevailing plaintiff: (1) reasonable attorney's fees and costs; and (2) additional relief, including injunctive relief.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-129-106(b)", "topic": "Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: attorney fees and injunction", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_civ_sol", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-107: Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: limitation period", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-107(a): an action for unauthorized disclosure may not be brought later than four years from the date the disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with reasonable diligence; for a depicted individual who was a minor on the date of the disclosure the time does not begin to run until the age of majority.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-129-107(a): an action for unauthorized disclosure may not be brought later than four years from the date the disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with reasonable diligence; for a depicted individual who was a minor on the date of the disclosure the time does not begin to run until the age of majority.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(a) An action under 16-129-103(b) for an unauthorized disclosure may not be brought later than four years from the date the disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=420.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(a) An action under 16-129-103(b) for an unauthorized disclosure may not be brought later than four years from the date the disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-129-107", "topic": "Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: limitation period", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_civ_pseudo", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-105: Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: plaintiff may use a pseudonym", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-129-105: in an action under the chapter a plaintiff may proceed using a pseudonym in place of the true name under applicable state law or court rules.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-129-105: in an action under the chapter a plaintiff may proceed using a pseudonym in place of the true name under applicable state law or court rules.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“16-129-105. Plaintiff's privacy. In an action under this chapter, a plaintiff may proceed using a pseudonym in place of the true name of the plaintiff under applicable state law or court rules.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=420.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "16-129-105. Plaintiff's privacy. In an action under this chapter, a plaintiff may proceed using a pseudonym in place of the true name of the plaintiff under applicable state law or court rules.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-129-105", "topic": "Civil remedy for intimate-image disclosure: plaintiff may use a pseudonym", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "thin_body", "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_487_arkansas_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_deepfake_civ", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-118-119 (Act 827 of 2025): Civil action for deepfake visual material", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Ark. Code 16-118-119, created by Act 827 of 2025: a person injured by a violation of 5-14-139 may sue the provider or developer of the image generation technology used, or the person who caused or was responsible for creating the deepfake; the court may award actual, compensatory and punitive damages and injunctive relief, and a prevailing plaintiff shall be awarded reasonable attorney's fees and costs.", "body": "Ark. Code 16-118-119, created by Act 827 of 2025: a person injured by a violation of 5-14-139 may sue the provider or developer of the image generation technology used, or the person who caused or was responsible for creating the deepfake; the court may award actual, compensatory and punitive damages and injunctive relief, and a prevailing plaintiff shall be awarded reasonable attorney's fees and costs.\n\nWhat Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us) actually says:\n\n“(b)(1) A person injured or damaged by reason of a violation of 5-14- 139 may bring a civil action against a person or entity that: (A) Is the provider or developer of the image generation technology that was used to create the deepfake visual material; or (B) Caused or was responsible for the creation of deepfake visual material in violation of 5-14-139. (2) The court may award actual damages, compensatory damages, punitive damages, injunctive relief, or any other appropriate relief. (3) A prevailing plaintiff shall be awarded reasonable attorney's fees and costs.”\n\nNote: Subsection (a) lets the Attorney General sue a provider or developer of prompt-based image generation technology that lacked reasonable safeguards. The Act prints '5-14- 139' with a space.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=827.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly (Bureau of Legislative Research, signed Act PDF on arkleg.state.ar.us)", "evidence_quote": "(b)(1) A person injured or damaged by reason of a violation of 5-14- 139 may bring a civil action against a person or entity that: (A) Is the provider or developer of the image generation technology that was used to create the deepfake visual material; or (B) Caused or was responsible for the creation of deepfake visual material in violation of 5-14-139. (2) The court may award actual damages, compensatory damages, punitive damages, injunctive relief, or any other appropriate relief. (3) A prevailing plaintiff shall be awarded reasonable attorney's fees and costs.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "487-arkansas-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "Ark. Code 16-118-119 (Act 827 of 2025)", "topic": "Civil action for deepfake visual material", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "AR", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ar" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } } ] }