{ "batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "articles": [ { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_law_title_xvi_anchor", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Official citation for Iowa obscenity statutes", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 provides the state's criminal obscenity statutes for offenses involving minors and obscene material.", "body": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 provides the state's criminal obscenity statutes for offenses involving minors and obscene material.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/chapters?title=XVI&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Title XVI - Criminal Law and Procedure", "topic": "Official citation for Iowa obscenity statutes", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_1_definitions", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Definitions section of Iowa obscenity statutes", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.1 defines key terms including 'obscene material', 'minor', 'disseminate', and 'knowingly' for enforcement of obscenity laws.", "body": "Section 728.1 defines key terms including 'obscene material', 'minor', 'disseminate', and 'knowingly' for enforcement of obscenity laws.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:\n1 \"Disseminate\" means to transfer possession, with or without consideration.\n2 \"Knowingly\" means being aware of the character of the matter.\n3 \"Material\" means any book, magazine, newspaper or other printed or written material or any picture, drawing, photograph, motion picture, or other pictorial representation or any statue or other figure, or any recording, transcription or mechanical, chemical or electrical reproduction or any other articles, equipment, machines or materials.\n4 \"Minor\" means any person under the age of eighteen.\n5 \"Obscene material\" is any material depicting or describing the genitals, sex acts, masturbation, excretory functions or sadomasochistic abuse which the average person, taking the material as a whole and applying contemporary community standards with respect to what is suitable material for minors, would find appeals to the prurient interest and is patently offensive; and the material, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political or artistic value.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:\n1 \"Disseminate\" means to transfer possession, with or without consideration.\n2 \"Knowingly\" means being aware of the character of the matter.\n3 \"Material\" means any book, magazine, newspaper or other printed or written material or any picture, drawing, photograph, motion picture, or other pictorial representation or any statue or other figure, or any recording, transcription or mechanical, chemical or electrical reproduction or any other articles, equipment, machines or materials.\n4 \"Minor\" means any person under the age of eighteen.\n5 \"Obscene material\" is any material depicting or describing the genitals, sex acts, masturbation, excretory functions or sadomasochistic abuse which the average person, taking the material as a whole and applying contemporary community standards with respect to what is suitable material for minors, would find appeals to the prurient interest and is patently offensive; and the material, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political or artistic value.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Definitions section of Iowa obscenity statutes", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_2_offenses", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Criminal offenses for disseminating obscene material to minors", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.2 makes it a public offense for persons 18+ to knowingly disseminate obscene material to minors, with escalating penalties for repeat offenses.", "body": "Section 728.2 makes it a public offense for persons 18+ to knowingly disseminate obscene material to minors, with escalating penalties for repeat offenses.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person eighteen years of age or older, other than the parent or guardian of the minor, who knowingly disseminates or exhibits obscene material to a minor, including the exhibition of obscene material so that it can be observed by a minor on or off the premises where it is displayed, is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty as follows:\n1 For a first offense, a serious misdemeanor.\n2 For a second offense, an aggravated misdemeanor with a mandatory minimum term of confinement of one year. No portion of the mandatory minimum term of confinement imposed by this subsection shall be deferred or suspended.\n3 For a third or subsequent offense, a class \"D\" felony with a mandatory minimum term of confinement of three years. No portion of the mandatory minimum term of confinement imposed by this subsection shall be deferred or suspended.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Any person eighteen years of age or older, other than the parent or guardian of the minor, who knowingly disseminates or exhibits obscene material to a minor, including the exhibition of obscene material so that it can be observed by a minor on or off the premises where it is displayed, is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty as follows:\n1 For a first offense, a serious misdemeanor.\n2 For a second offense, an aggravated misdemeanor with a mandatory minimum term of confinement of one year. No portion of the mandatory minimum term of confinement imposed by this subsection shall be deferred or suspended.\n3 For a third or subsequent offense, a class \"D\" felony with a mandatory minimum term of confinement of three years. No portion of the mandatory minimum term of confinement imposed by this subsection shall be deferred or suspended.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Criminal offenses for disseminating obscene material to minors", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_2a_minors_distributing", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Offense for minors distributing obscene material", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.2A makes it a serious misdemeanor for persons under 18 to knowingly distribute obscene material to another minor.", "body": "Section 728.2A makes it a serious misdemeanor for persons under 18 to knowingly distribute obscene material to another minor.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Offense for minors distributing obscene material", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_3_admitting_minors", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Offense for admitting minors to premises with obscene material", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.3 criminalizes knowingly selling, giving, delivering, or providing a pass to minors to enter premises where obscene material is exhibited, with different penalties for children vs. minors.", "body": "Section 728.3 criminalizes knowingly selling, giving, delivering, or providing a pass to minors to enter premises where obscene material is exhibited, with different penalties for children vs. minors.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“1 A person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a minor who is not a child with a pass or admits the minor to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.\n2 A person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a child with a pass or admits a child to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "1 A person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a minor who is not a child with a pass or admits the minor to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.\n2 A person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a child with a pass or admits a child to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Offense for admitting minors to premises with obscene material", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_4_rental_sale", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Offense for rental or sale of hard-core pornography", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.4 criminalizes rental or sale of material depicting patently offensive sexual content that appeals to prurient interest and lacks serious value, with escalating penalties for repeat offenses.", "body": "Section 728.4 criminalizes rental or sale of material depicting patently offensive sexual content that appeals to prurient interest and lacks serious value, with escalating penalties for repeat offenses.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“A person who knowingly rents, sells, or offers for rental or sale material depicting patently offensive representations of oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse, actual or simulated, involving humans, or depicting patently offensive representations of masturbation, excretory functions, or bestiality, or lewd exhibition of the genitals, which the average adult taking the material as a whole in applying statewide contemporary community standards would find appeals to the prurient interest; and which material, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political, or artistic value, upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor. However, second and subsequent violations of this section by a person who has been previously convicted of violating this section are class \"D\" felonies. Charges under this section may only be brought by a county attorney or by the attorney general.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "A person who knowingly rents, sells, or offers for rental or sale material depicting patently offensive representations of oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse, actual or simulated, involving humans, or depicting patently offensive representations of masturbation, excretory functions, or bestiality, or lewd exhibition of the genitals, which the average adult taking the material as a whole in applying statewide contemporary community standards would find appeals to the prurient interest; and which material, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political, or artistic value, upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor. However, second and subsequent violations of this section by a person who has been previously convicted of violating this section are class \"D\" felonies. Charges under this section may only be brought by a county attorney or by the attorney general.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Offense for rental or sale of hard-core pornography", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_5_public_exposure", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Offense for public indecent exposure in certain establishments", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.5 criminalizes allowing public exposure of genitals, female breast, or anus in establishments that must obtain sales/use tax permits, including live acts and advertising prohibited activities.", "body": "Section 728.5 criminalizes allowing public exposure of genitals, female breast, or anus in establishments that must obtain sales/use tax permits, including live acts and advertising prohibited activities.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“An owner, manager, or person who exercises direct control over a place of business required to obtain a sales or use tax permit shall be guilty of a serious misdemeanor under any of the following circumstances:\na If such person allows or permits the actual or simulated public performance of any sex act upon or in such place of business.\nb If such person allows or permits the exposure of the genitals or buttocks or female breast of any person who acts as a waiter or waitress.\nc If such person allows or permits the exposure of the genitals or female breast nipple of any person who acts as an entertainer, whether or not the owner of the place of business in which the activity is performed employs or pays any compensation to such person to perform such activity.\nd If such person allows or permits any person to remain in or upon the place of business who exposes to public view the person's genitals, pubic hair, or anus.\ne If such person advertises that any activity prohibited by this section is allowed or permitted in such place of business.\nf If such person allows or permits a minor to engage in or otherwise perform in a live act intended to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires or appeal to the prurient interests of patrons.\nHowever, if such person allows or permits a minor to participate in any act included in subsection 1, paragraphs \"a\" through \"d\", the person shall be guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "An owner, manager, or person who exercises direct control over a place of business required to obtain a sales or use tax permit shall be guilty of a serious misdemeanor under any of the following circumstances:\na If such person allows or permits the actual or simulated public performance of any sex act upon or in such place of business.\nb If such person allows or permits the exposure of the genitals or buttocks or female breast of any person who acts as a waiter or waitress.\nc If such person allows or permits the exposure of the genitals or female breast nipple of any person who acts as an entertainer, whether or not the owner of the place of business in which the activity is performed employs or pays any compensation to such person to perform such activity.\nd If such person allows or permits any person to remain in or upon the place of business who exposes to public view the person's genitals, pubic hair, or anus.\ne If such person advertises that any activity prohibited by this section is allowed or permitted in such place of business.\nf If such person allows or permits a minor to engage in or otherwise perform in a live act intended to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires or appeal to the prurient interests of patrons.\nHowever, if such person allows or permits a minor to participate in any act included in subsection 1, paragraphs \"a\" through \"d\", the person shall be guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Offense for public indecent exposure in certain establishments", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_12_sexual_exploitation", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Sexual exploitation of minors statutes", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.12 criminalizes employing, using, persuading, inducing, enticing, coercing, soliciting, or possessing visual depictions of minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts, with tiered felony penalties.", "body": "Section 728.12 criminalizes employing, using, persuading, inducing, enticing, coercing, soliciting, or possessing visual depictions of minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts, with tiered felony penalties.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“It shall be unlawful to employ, use, persuade, induce, entice, coerce, solicit, knowingly permit, or otherwise cause or attempt to cause a minor or a law enforcement officer or agent posing as a minor to engage in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of a prohibited sexual act. A person must know, or have reason to know, or intend that the act or simulated act may be photographed, filmed, or otherwise preserved in a visual depiction. A person who commits a violation of this subsection commits a class \"B\" felony. Notwithstanding section 902.9, the court may assess a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars for each offense under this subsection in addition to imposing any other authorized sentence.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "It shall be unlawful to employ, use, persuade, induce, entice, coerce, solicit, knowingly permit, or otherwise cause or attempt to cause a minor or a law enforcement officer or agent posing as a minor to engage in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of a prohibited sexual act. A person must know, or have reason to know, or intend that the act or simulated act may be photographed, filmed, or otherwise preserved in a visual depiction. A person who commits a violation of this subsection commits a class \"B\" felony. Notwithstanding section 902.9, the court may assess a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars for each offense under this subsection in addition to imposing any other authorized sentence.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Sexual exploitation of minors statutes", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_15_telephone_dissemination", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Telephone dissemination of obscene material to minors", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.15 prohibits knowingly disseminating obscene material by telephone to minors, with defenses for access control measures and payment verification.", "body": "Section 728.15 prohibits knowingly disseminating obscene material by telephone to minors, with defenses for access control measures and payment verification.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“A person shall not knowingly disseminate obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor or a law enforcement officer or agent posing as a minor.\nIt shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:\na The person accused has done all of the following:\n1 Required the person receiving the obscene material to use an authorized access or identification code, as provided by the information provider, before transmission of the obscene material begins.\n2 Previously issued the code by mailing it to the applicant after taking reasonable measures to ascertain that the applicant was eighteen years of age or older.\n3 Established a procedure to immediately cancel the code of any person after receiving notice, in writing or by telephone, that the code has been lost, stolen, or used by persons under the age of eighteen years or that the code is no longer desired.\nb The person accused has required payment by credit card before transmission of the obscene material.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "A person shall not knowingly disseminate obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor or a law enforcement officer or agent posing as a minor.\nIt shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:\na The person accused has done all of the following:\n1 Required the person receiving the obscene material to use an authorized access or identification code, as provided by the information provider, before transmission of the obscene material begins.\n2 Previously issued the code by mailing it to the applicant after taking reasonable measures to ascertain that the applicant was eighteen years of age or older.\n3 Established a procedure to immediately cancel the code of any person after receiving notice, in writing or by telephone, that the code has been lost, stolen, or used by persons under the age of eighteen years or that the code is no longer desired.\nb The person accused has required payment by credit card before transmission of the obscene material.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Telephone dissemination of obscene material to minors", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_8_license_suspension", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] License and permit suspension for obscenity violations", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.8 mandates suspension of all permits and licenses for six months for persons who knowingly permit violations of sections 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph f.", "body": "Section 728.8 mandates suspension of all permits and licenses for six months for persons who knowingly permit violations of sections 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph f.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person who knowingly permits a violation of section 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph \"f\", to occur on premises under the person's control shall have all permits and licenses issued to the person under state or local law as a prerequisite for doing business on such premises revoked for a period of six months. The county attorney shall notify all agencies responsible for issuing licenses and permits of any conviction under section 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph \"f\".”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Any person who knowingly permits a violation of section 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph \"f\", to occur on premises under the person's control shall have all permits and licenses issued to the person under state or local law as a prerequisite for doing business on such premises revoked for a period of six months. The county attorney shall notify all agencies responsible for issuing licenses and permits of any conviction under section 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph \"f\".", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "License and permit suspension for obscenity violations", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_7_exemptions", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Educational and library exemptions for obscenity statutes", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.7 provides exemptions for public libraries and educational institutions from obscenity statutes, allowing appropriate material for educational purposes.", "body": "Section 728.7 provides exemptions for public libraries and educational institutions from obscenity statutes, allowing appropriate material for educational purposes.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Nothing in this chapter prohibits the use of appropriate material for educational purposes in any accredited school, or any public library, or in any educational program in which the minor is participating. Nothing in this chapter prohibits the attendance of minors at an exhibition or display of art works or the use of any materials in any public library.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Nothing in this chapter prohibits the use of appropriate material for educational purposes in any accredited school, or any public library, or in any educational program in which the minor is participating. Nothing in this chapter prohibits the attendance of minors at an exhibition or display of art works or the use of any materials in any public library.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Educational and library exemptions for obscenity statutes", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_11_uniform_application", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Uniform application of obscenity statutes", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.11 establishes uniform state regulation of obscene material, preempting local ordinances and making all such local laws void as of January 1, 1978.", "body": "Section 728.11 establishes uniform state regulation of obscene material, preempting local ordinances and making all such local laws void as of January 1, 1978.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“In order to provide for the uniform application of the provisions of this chapter relating to obscene material applicable to minors within this state, it is intended that the sole and only regulation of obscene material shall be under the provisions of this chapter, and no municipality, county or other governmental unit within this state shall make any law, ordinance or regulation relating to the availability of obscene materials. All such laws, ordinances or regulations shall be or become void, unenforceable and of no effect on January 1, 1978. Nothing in this section shall restrict the zoning authority of cities and counties.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "In order to provide for the uniform application of the provisions of this chapter relating to obscene material applicable to minors within this state, it is intended that the sole and only regulation of obscene material shall be under the provisions of this chapter, and no municipality, county or other governmental unit within this state shall make any law, ordinance or regulation relating to the availability of obscene materials. All such laws, ordinances or regulations shall be or become void, unenforceable and of no effect on January 1, 1978. Nothing in this section shall restrict the zoning authority of cities and counties.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Uniform application of obscenity statutes", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_10_affirmative_defense", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Affirmative defense for age verification in obscene material dissemination", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.10 provides affirmative defense for defendants who reasonably believed recipient was 18+ and verified with official documents or parent/guardian accompaniment.", "body": "Section 728.10 provides affirmative defense for defendants who reasonably believed recipient was 18+ and verified with official documents or parent/guardian accompaniment.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“In any prosecution for disseminating or exhibiting obscene material to minors, it is an affirmative defense that the defendant had reasonable cause to believe that the minor involved was eighteen years old or more and the minor exhibited to the defendant a draft card, driver's license, birth certificate or other official or apparently official document purporting to establish that such minor was eighteen years old or more or was accompanied by a parent or spouse eighteen years of age or more.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "In any prosecution for disseminating or exhibiting obscene material to minors, it is an affirmative defense that the defendant had reasonable cause to believe that the minor involved was eighteen years old or more and the minor exhibited to the defendant a draft card, driver's license, birth certificate or other official or apparently official document purporting to establish that such minor was eighteen years old or more or was accompanied by a parent or spouse eighteen years of age or more.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Affirmative defense for age verification in obscene material dissemination", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_14_processor_reports", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Commercial film and photographic processor reporting requirements", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.14 requires commercial film/photographic processors who observe visual depictions of minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts to report them immediately to county attorney.", "body": "Section 728.14 requires commercial film/photographic processors who observe visual depictions of minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts to report them immediately to county attorney.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“A commercial film and photographic print processor who has knowledge of or observes, within the scope of the processor's professional capacity or employment, a visual depiction of a minor whom the processor knows or reasonably should know to be under the age of eighteen, engaged in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of a prohibited sexual act, shall report the visual depiction to the county attorney immediately or as soon as possible as required in this section. The processor shall not report to the county attorney visual depictions involving mere nudity of the minor, but shall report visual depictions involving a prohibited sexual act.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "A commercial film and photographic print processor who has knowledge of or observes, within the scope of the processor's professional capacity or employment, a visual depiction of a minor whom the processor knows or reasonably should know to be under the age of eighteen, engaged in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of a prohibited sexual act, shall report the visual depiction to the county attorney immediately or as soon as possible as required in this section. The processor shall not report to the county attorney visual depictions involving mere nudity of the minor, but shall report visual depictions involving a prohibited sexual act.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Commercial film and photographic processor reporting requirements", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_4_enforcement_authority", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Prosecution authority for hard-core pornography offenses", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.4 restricts prosecution of rental/sale offenses to county attorneys or the attorney general only.", "body": "Section 728.4 restricts prosecution of rental/sale offenses to county attorneys or the attorney general only.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Charges under this section may only be brought by a county attorney or by the attorney general.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Charges under this section may only be brought by a county attorney or by the attorney general.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Prosecution authority for hard-core pornography offenses", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_2a_penalties", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Penalties for minor distributing obscene material", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.2A makes it a serious misdemeanor for persons under 18 to knowingly distribute obscene material to another minor.", "body": "Section 728.2A makes it a serious misdemeanor for persons under 18 to knowingly distribute obscene material to another minor.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Penalties for minor distributing obscene material", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_6_civil_enforcement", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Civil suit option for obscene material enforcement", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.6 provides county attorneys with optional authority to file civil injunctions against dissemination/exhibition of obscene material to minors, but not as prerequisite for criminal prosecution.", "body": "Section 728.6 provides county attorneys with optional authority to file civil injunctions against dissemination/exhibition of obscene material to minors, but not as prerequisite for criminal prosecution.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Whenever the county attorney of any county has reasonable cause to believe that any person is engaged or plans to engage in the dissemination or exhibition of obscene material within the county attorney's county to minors the county attorney may institute a civil proceeding in the district court of the county to enjoin the dissemination or exhibition of obscene material to minors. Such application for injunction is optional and not mandatory and shall not be construed as a prerequisite to criminal prosecution for a violation of this chapter.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Whenever the county attorney of any county has reasonable cause to believe that any person is engaged or plans to engage in the dissemination or exhibition of obscene material within the county attorney's county to minors the county attorney may institute a civil proceeding in the district court of the county to enjoin the dissemination or exhibition of obscene material to minors. Such application for injunction is optional and not mandatory and shall not be construed as a prerequisite to criminal prosecution for a violation of this chapter.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Civil suit option for obscene material enforcement", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_9_evidence_considered", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Evidence considerations in obscenity trials", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.9 specifies factors courts may consider and receive into evidence when trying cases for disseminating or exhibiting obscene material to minors.", "body": "Section 728.9 specifies factors courts may consider and receive into evidence when trying cases for disseminating or exhibiting obscene material to minors.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“At a trial for violation of section 728.2 or 728.3 the court may consider the material, and receive into evidence in addition to other competent evidence, the offered testimony of experts pertaining to:\n1 The artistic, literary, political or scientific value, if any, of the challenged material.\n2 The degree of public acceptance within the community of the material or material of similar character.\n3 The intent of the author, artist, producer, publisher or manufacturer in creating the material.\n4 The advertising promotion and other circumstances relating to the sale of the material.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "At a trial for violation of section 728.2 or 728.3 the court may consider the material, and receive into evidence in addition to other competent evidence, the offered testimony of experts pertaining to:\n1 The artistic, literary, political or scientific value, if any, of the challenged material.\n2 The degree of public acceptance within the community of the material or material of similar character.\n3 The intent of the author, artist, producer, publisher or manufacturer in creating the material.\n4 The advertising promotion and other circumstances relating to the sale of the material.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Evidence considerations in obscenity trials", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_15_defense_access_control", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Access control defenses for telephone obscene material dissemination", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.15 provides two available defenses for telephone dissemination: (1) authorized access code system with age verification, (2) credit card payment before transmission.", "body": "Section 728.15 provides two available defenses for telephone dissemination: (1) authorized access code system with age verification, (2) credit card payment before transmission.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“It shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:\na The person accused has done all of the following:\n1 Required the person receiving the obscene material to use an authorized access or identification code, as provided by the information provider, before transmission of the obscene material begins.\n2 Previously issued the code by mailing it to the applicant after taking reasonable measures to ascertain that the applicant was eighteen years of age or more.\n3 Established a procedure to immediately cancel the code of any person after receiving notice, in writing or by telephone, that the code has been lost, stolen, or used by persons under the age of eighteen years or that the code is no longer desired.\nb The person accused has required payment by credit card before transmission of the obscene material.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "It shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:\na The person accused has done all of the following:\n1 Required the person receiving the obscene material to use an authorized access or identification code, as provided by the information provider, before transmission of the obscene material begins.\n2 Previously issued the code by mailing it to the applicant after taking reasonable measures to ascertain that the applicant was eighteen years of age or more.\n3 Established a procedure to immediately cancel the code of any person after receiving notice, in writing or by telephone, that the code has been lost, stolen, or used by persons under the age of eighteen years or that the code is no longer desired.\nb The person accused has required payment by credit card before transmission of the obscene material.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Access control defenses for telephone obscene material dissemination", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_12_multiple_offenses", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Multiple prosecution for visual depictions of minors", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.12 provides for separate prosecutions and punishments for each pictorial representation of a different minor or multiple depictions of the same minor in visual depictions.", "body": "Section 728.12 provides for separate prosecutions and punishments for each pictorial representation of a different minor or multiple depictions of the same minor in visual depictions.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“A visual depiction containing pictorial representations of different minors shall be prosecuted and punished as separate offenses for each pictorial representation of a different minor in the visual depiction. Violations of this subsection involving multiple visual depictions of the same minor shall be prosecuted and punished as separate offenses for each pictorial representation of the same minor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "A visual depiction containing pictorial representations of different minors shall be prosecuted and punished as separate offenses for each pictorial representation of a different minor in the visual depiction. Violations of this subsection involving multiple visual depictions of the same minor shall be prosecuted and punished as separate offenses for each pictorial representation of the same minor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Multiple prosecution for visual depictions of minors", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_12_identifiable_minor", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Definition of identifiable minor for visual depictions", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.12 defines 'identifiable minor' as a person who was a minor at time of creation, or whose image as a minor was used in the visual depiction and is recognizable by face, likeness, or distinguishing features.", "body": "Section 728.12 defines 'identifiable minor' as a person who was a minor at time of creation, or whose image as a minor was used in the visual depiction and is recognizable by face, likeness, or distinguishing features.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“For purposes of this subsection, visual depiction includes any visual depiction that has been created, adapted, or modified to give the appearance that an identifiable minor is engaged in a prohibited sexual act or the simulation of a prohibited sexual act. An identifiable minor is a person who was a minor at the time the visual depiction was created, adapted, or modified, or whose image as a minor was used in creating, adapting, or modifying the visual depiction and is recognizable as an actual person by the person's face, likeness, or other distinguishing features.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "For purposes of this subsection, visual depiction includes any visual depiction that has been created, adapted, or modified to give the appearance that an identifiable minor is engaged in a prohibited sexual act or the simulation of a prohibited sexual act. An identifiable minor is a person who was a minor at the time the visual depiction was created, adapted, or modified, or whose image as a minor was used in creating, adapting, or modifying the visual depiction and is recognizable as an actual person by the person's face, likeness, or other distinguishing features.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Definition of identifiable minor for visual depictions", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_12_law_enforcement_exemption", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Law enforcement exemptions for sexual exploitation statutes", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.12 exempts law enforcement officers, court personnel, licensed physicians, psychologists, and attorneys from prosecution when performing official duties.", "body": "Section 728.12 exempts law enforcement officers, court personnel, licensed physicians, psychologists, and attorneys from prosecution when performing official duties.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“This section does not apply to law enforcement officers, court personnel, licensed physicians, licensed psychologists, or attorneys in the performance of their official duties.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "This section does not apply to law enforcement officers, court personnel, licensed physicians, licensed psychologists, or attorneys in the performance of their official duties.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Law enforcement exemptions for sexual exploitation statutes", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_14_scope", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Scope of processor reporting requirements", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.14 clarifies that processors are not required to review all visual depictions delivered within their professional capacity, only to report those they observe or know about.", "body": "Section 728.14 clarifies that processors are not required to review all visual depictions delivered within their professional capacity, only to report those they observe or know about.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“This section shall not be construed to require a processor to review all visual depictions delivered to the processor within the processor's professional capacity or employment.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "This section shall not be construed to require a processor to review all visual depictions delivered to the processor within the processor's professional capacity or employment.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Scope of processor reporting requirements", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_11_zoning_authority", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Zoning authority preserved despite preemption", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.11 explicitly preserves cities' and counties' zoning authority despite uniform state regulation of obscene material.", "body": "Section 728.11 explicitly preserves cities' and counties' zoning authority despite uniform state regulation of obscene material.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Nothing in this section shall restrict the zoning authority of cities and counties.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Nothing in this section shall restrict the zoning authority of cities and counties.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Zoning authority preserved despite preemption", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_15_independent_defenses", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Independent access control defenses for telephone dissemination", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.15 provides two independent alternatives for telephone obscene material dissemination defense: code verification system OR credit card payment.", "body": "Section 728.15 provides two independent alternatives for telephone obscene material dissemination defense: code verification system OR credit card payment.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“It shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "It shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Independent access control defenses for telephone dissemination", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_14_prohibited_acts", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Prohibited sexual acts requiring processor reporting", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.14 defines prohibited sexual acts requiring processor reporting, including sex acts, bestiality, fondling genitals, sadomasochistic abuse, and nudity for sexual purposes.", "body": "Section 728.14 defines prohibited sexual acts requiring processor reporting, including sex acts, bestiality, fondling genitals, sadomasochistic abuse, and nudity for sexual purposes.\n\nWhat the source says:\n\n“For purposes of this section, prohibited sexual act means any of the following:\na A sex act as defined in section 702.17.\nb An act of bestiality involving a minor.\nc Fondling or touching the pubes or genitals of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the act.\nd Fondling or touching the pubes or genitals of a person by a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the act.\ne Sadomasochistic abuse of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the abuse.\nf Sadomasochistic abuse of a person by a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the abuse.\ng Nudity of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the nude minor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "", "evidence_quote": "For purposes of this section, prohibited sexual act means any of the following:\na A sex act as defined in section 702.17.\nb An act of bestiality involving a minor.\nc Fondling or touching the pubes or genitals of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the act.\nd Fondling or touching the pubes or genitals of a person by a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the act.\ne Sadomasochistic abuse of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the abuse.\nf Sadomasochistic abuse of a person by a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the abuse.\ng Nudity of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the nude minor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Prohibited sexual acts requiring processor reporting", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_2a_criminal_liability", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Criminal liability for minor distributing obscene material", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.2A makes any person under 18 who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor guilty of a serious misdemeanor.", "body": "Section 728.2A makes any person under 18 who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor guilty of a serious misdemeanor.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Criminal liability for minor distributing obscene material", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_4_offense_classification", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Offense classification for rental/sale of hard-core pornography", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.4 classifies offense as aggravated misdemeanor with escalating penalties: second/subsequent offenses are class D felonies.", "body": "Section 728.4 classifies offense as aggravated misdemeanor with escalating penalties: second/subsequent offenses are class D felonies.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“A person who knowingly rents, sells, or offers for rental or sale material depicting patently offensive representations ... upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor. However, second and subsequent violations of this section by a person who has been previously convicted of violating this section are class \"D\" felonies.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "A person who knowingly rents, sells, or offers for rental or sale material depicting patently offensive representations ... upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor. However, second and subsequent violations of this section by a person who has been previously convicted of violating this section are class \"D\" felonies.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Offense classification for rental/sale of hard-core pornography", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_3_offense_classification", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Offense classification for admitting minors to obscene premises", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.3 classifies offense as serious misdemeanor for non-children and aggravated misdemeanor for children (under 18) when admitting minors to premises with obscene material.", "body": "Section 728.3 classifies offense as serious misdemeanor for non-children and aggravated misdemeanor for children (under 18) when admitting minors to premises with obscene material.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“A person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a minor who is not a child with a pass or admits the minor to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.\nA person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a child with a pass or admits a child to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "A person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a minor who is not a child with a pass or admits the minor to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.\nA person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a child with a pass or admits a child to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Offense classification for admitting minors to obscene premises", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_2a_age_requirement", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Age requirement for minor distributing obscene material", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.2A specifically targets persons under 18 years of age who knowingly distribute obscene material to another minor.", "body": "Section 728.2A specifically targets persons under 18 years of age who knowingly distribute obscene material to another minor.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense...”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense...", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Age requirement for minor distributing obscene material", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_2_prohibition", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Prohibition on disseminating obscene material to minors", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.2 prohibits any person 18+ (except parents/guardians) from knowingly disseminating or exhibiting obscene material to minors, with penalties ranging from serious misdemeanor to class D felony.", "body": "Section 728.2 prohibits any person 18+ (except parents/guardians) from knowingly disseminating or exhibiting obscene material to minors, with penalties ranging from serious misdemeanor to class D felony.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person eighteen years of age or older, other than the parent or guardian of the minor, who knowingly disseminates or exhibits obscene material to a minor, including the exhibition of obscene material so that it can be observed by a minor on or off the premises where it is displayed, is guilty of a public offense...”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Any person eighteen years of age or older, other than the parent or guardian of the minor, who knowingly disseminates or exhibits obscene material to a minor, including the exhibition of obscene material so that it can be observed by a minor on or off the premises where it is displayed, is guilty of a public offense...", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Prohibition on disseminating obscene material to minors", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_2_penalty_structure", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Penalty structure for disseminating obscene material to minors", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.2 establishes escalating penalty structure: first offense = serious misdemeanor, second = aggravated misdemeanor with 1-year mandatory confinement, third/subsequent = class D felony with 3-year mandatory confinement.", "body": "Section 728.2 establishes escalating penalty structure: first offense = serious misdemeanor, second = aggravated misdemeanor with 1-year mandatory confinement, third/subsequent = class D felony with 3-year mandatory confinement.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“For a first offense, a serious misdemeanor.\nFor a second offense, an aggravated misdemeanor with a mandatory minimum term of confinement of one year. No portion of the mandatory minimum term of confinement imposed by this subsection shall be deferred or suspended.\nFor a third or subsequent offense, a class \"D\" felony with a mandatory minimum term of confinement of three years. No portion of the mandatory minimum term of confinement imposed by this subsection shall be deferred or suspended.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "For a first offense, a serious misdemeanor.\nFor a second offense, an aggravated misdemeanor with a mandatory minimum term of confinement of one year. No portion of the mandatory minimum term of confinement imposed by this subsection shall be deferred or suspended.\nFor a third or subsequent offense, a class \"D\" felony with a mandatory minimum term of confinement of three years. No portion of the mandatory minimum term of confinement imposed by this subsection shall be deferred or suspended.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Penalty structure for disseminating obscene material to minors", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_14_enforcement_scope", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Enforcement scope for processor reporting requirements", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.14 requires reporting of visual depictions of minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts by commercial processors, excluding mere nudity from reporting requirement.", "body": "Section 728.14 requires reporting of visual depictions of minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts by commercial processors, excluding mere nudity from reporting requirement.\n\nWhat the source says:\n\n“The processor shall not report to the county attorney visual depictions involving mere nudity of the minor, but shall report visual depictions involving a prohibited sexual act.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "", "evidence_quote": "The processor shall not report to the county attorney visual depictions involving mere nudity of the minor, but shall report visual depictions involving a prohibited sexual act.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Enforcement scope for processor reporting requirements", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_15_telephone_defense_exclusivity", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Exclusivity of telephone dissemination defenses", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.15 provides exclusive defenses for telephone obscene material dissemination: either code verification system OR credit card payment, not both.", "body": "Section 728.15 provides exclusive defenses for telephone obscene material dissemination: either code verification system OR credit card payment, not both.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“It shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "It shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Exclusivity of telephone dissemination defenses", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_1_definition_obscene", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Legal definition of obscene material in Iowa", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.1 defines 'obscene material' using a three-prong test: appeals to prurient interest, patently offensive per community standards for minors, and lacks serious literary, scientific, political, or artistic value.", "body": "Section 728.1 defines 'obscene material' using a three-prong test: appeals to prurient interest, patently offensive per community standards for minors, and lacks serious literary, scientific, political, or artistic value.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“\"Obscene material\" is any material depicting or describing the genitals, sex acts, masturbation, excretory functions or sadomasochistic abuse which the average person, taking the material as a whole and applying contemporary community standards with respect to what is suitable material for minors, would find appeals to the prurient interest and is patently offensive; and the material, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political or artistic value.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "\"Obscene material\" is any material depicting or describing the genitals, sex acts, masturbation, excretory functions or sadomasochistic abuse which the average person, taking the material as a whole and applying contemporary community standards with respect to what is suitable material for minors, would find appeals to the prurient interest and is patently offensive; and the material, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political or artistic value.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Legal definition of obscene material in Iowa", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_2a_moderation", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Special treatment for minor offenders distributing obscene material", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.2A provides special penalty (serious misdemeanor) for persons under 18 who knowingly distribute obscene material to another minor, distinguishing from adult penalties.", "body": "Section 728.2A provides special penalty (serious misdemeanor) for persons under 18 who knowingly distribute obscene material to another minor, distinguishing from adult penalties.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Any person under the age of eighteen who knowingly distributes obscene material to another minor is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Special treatment for minor offenders distributing obscene material", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_12_capital_punishment", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Capital punishment and fine provisions for sexual exploitation offenses", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.12 provides for enhanced penalties including up to $50,000 fines for sexual exploitation of minors and purchase/possession offenses.", "body": "Section 728.12 provides for enhanced penalties including up to $50,000 fines for sexual exploitation of minors and purchase/possession offenses.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Notwithstanding section 902.9, the court may assess a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars for each offense under this subsection in addition to imposing any other authorized sentence.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Notwithstanding section 902.9, the court may assess a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars for each offense under this subsection in addition to imposing any other authorized sentence.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Capital punishment and fine provisions for sexual exploitation offenses", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_1_purpose", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Purpose of Iowa obscenity statutes", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.1 provides the foundational definitions for terms used throughout Chapter 728, establishing consistent interpretation for all obscenity offenses.", "body": "Section 728.1 provides the foundational definitions for terms used throughout Chapter 728, establishing consistent interpretation for all obscenity offenses.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Purpose of Iowa obscenity statutes", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_15_civil_protection", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Civil protection for information service providers", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.15 excludes information-access service providers that merely provide transmission capacity from liability for telephone obscene material dissemination offenses.", "body": "Section 728.15 excludes information-access service providers that merely provide transmission capacity from liability for telephone obscene material dissemination offenses.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“As used in this section, person excludes any information-access service provider that merely provides transmission capacity without control over the content of the transmission.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "As used in this section, person excludes any information-access service provider that merely provides transmission capacity without control over the content of the transmission.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Civil protection for information service providers", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_8_suspension_period", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Duration of license and permit suspension", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.8 mandates six-month suspension period for all permits and licenses of persons who knowingly permit violations of sections 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph f.", "body": "Section 728.8 mandates six-month suspension period for all permits and licenses of persons who knowingly permit violations of sections 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph f.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“revoked for a period of six months.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "revoked for a period of six months.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Duration of license and permit suspension", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r585_iowa_obscenity_and_distribution_iowa_728_6_prohibition_future", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity: Future prohibition of civil enforcement option", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 728.6 clarifies that civil injunction proceedings are optional and not mandatory, explicitly prohibiting future interpretation as prerequisite to criminal prosecution.", "body": "Section 728.6 clarifies that civil injunction proceedings are optional and not mandatory, explicitly prohibiting future interpretation as prerequisite to criminal prosecution.\n\nWhat Iowa Legislature actually says:\n\n“Such application for injunction is optional and not mandatory and shall not be construed as a prerequisite to criminal prosecution for a violation of this chapter.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=728&year=2026", "last_verified": "2026-10-10", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Iowa Legislature", "evidence_quote": "Such application for injunction is optional and not mandatory and shall not be construed as a prerequisite to criminal prosecution for a violation of this chapter.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "585-iowa-obscenity-and-distribution", "subject": "Iowa Code Chapter 728 - Obscenity", "topic": "Future prohibition of civil enforcement option", "applies_to_country": "*", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-ia" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } } ] }