{
  "batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r6679_michigan_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_mi_anchor",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan: statutory code index",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan's statutes are published on the official Michigan Legislature site at legislature.mi.gov under Chapter 750 (MICHIGAN PENAL CODE), Act 328 of 1931, with the index page listing the full code from 750.1 through 750.569.",
      "body": "Michigan's statutes are published on the official Michigan Legislature site at legislature.mi.gov under Chapter 750 (MICHIGAN PENAL CODE), Act 328 of 1931, with the index page listing the full code from 750.1 through 750.569.\n\nWhat Michigan Legislature actually says:\n\n“MCL - Index of Chapter 750\n\n Show update info: None In Last Week In Last Month In Last Year\n\nChange Date Range\n\nNOTE: Dates reflect any modification to item, not necessarily a change in law.\n\nTitle\n\nSubject\n\n**Chapter 750**\n\nMICHIGAN PENAL CODE\n\n[Act 328 of 1931](/Home/GetObject?ObjectName=mcl-Act-328-of-1931)\n\nTHE MICHIGAN PENAL CODE (750.1-750.569)”\n\nNote: Anchor record. The page heading and chapter listing are the verbatim evidence.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/Index?ObjectName=mcl-chap750",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-16",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "MCL - Index of Chapter 750\n\n Show update info: None In Last Week In Last Month In Last Year\n\nChange Date Range\n\nNOTE: Dates reflect any modification to item, not necessarily a change in law.\n\nTitle\n\nSubject\n\n**Chapter 750**\n\nMICHIGAN PENAL CODE\n\n[Act 328 of 1931](/Home/GetObject?ObjectName=mcl-Act-328-of-1931)\n\nTHE MICHIGAN PENAL CODE (750.1-750.569)",
      "volatility": "",
      "from_batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Michigan",
      "topic": "statutory code index",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6679_michigan_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_mi_eavesdrop_definition",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan Penal Code §750.539a: eavesdropping definition",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan law defines 'eavesdrop' or 'eavesdropping' as to overhear, record, amplify or transmit any part of the private discourse of others without the permission of all persons engaged in the discourse, meaning Michigan requires all-party consent.",
      "body": "Michigan law defines 'eavesdrop' or 'eavesdropping' as to overhear, record, amplify or transmit any part of the private discourse of others without the permission of all persons engaged in the discourse, meaning Michigan requires all-party consent.\n\nWhat Michigan Legislature actually says:\n\n“(2) \"Eavesdrop\" or \"eavesdropping\" means to overhear, record, amplify or transmit any part of the private discourse of others without the permission of all persons engaged in the discourse. Neither this definition or any other provision of this act shall modify or affect any law or regulation concerning interception, divulgence or recording of messages transmitted by communications common carriers.”\n\nNote: Statutory definition of eavesdropping under MCL 750.539a(2) - all-party consent required",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-539a",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-16",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "(2) \"Eavesdrop\" or \"eavesdropping\" means to overhear, record, amplify or transmit any part of the private discourse of others without the permission of all persons engaged in the discourse. Neither this definition or any other provision of this act shall modify or affect any law or regulation concerning interception, divulgence or recording of messages transmitted by communications common carriers.",
      "volatility": "",
      "from_batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Michigan Penal Code §750.539a",
      "topic": "eavesdropping definition",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "rules.content",
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "none_on_camera"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6679_michigan_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_mi_eavesdrop_penalty",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan Penal Code §750.539c: eavesdropping penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A person who wilfully uses any device to eavesdrop upon a private conversation without the consent of all parties is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than $2,000, or both.",
      "body": "A person who wilfully uses any device to eavesdrop upon a private conversation without the consent of all parties is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than $2,000, or both.\n\nWhat Michigan Legislature actually says:\n\n“Any person who is present or who is not present during a private conversation and who wilfully uses any device to eavesdrop upon the conversation without the consent of all parties thereto, or who knowingly aids, employs or procures another person to do the same in violation of this section, is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in a state prison for not more than 2 years or by a fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both.”\n\nNote: MCL 750.539c - penalty for eavesdropping without consent of all parties",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-539c",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-16",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "Any person who is present or who is not present during a private conversation and who wilfully uses any device to eavesdrop upon the conversation without the consent of all parties thereto, or who knowingly aids, employs or procures another person to do the same in violation of this section, is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in a state prison for not more than 2 years or by a fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both.",
      "volatility": "",
      "from_batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Michigan Penal Code §750.539c",
      "topic": "eavesdropping penalty",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6679_michigan_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_mi_device_installation_penalty",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan Penal Code §750.539d: device installation in private place penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A person who installs, places, or uses any device for observing, recording, transmitting, photographing, or eavesdropping in a private place without consent is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than $2,000, or both.",
      "body": "A person who installs, places, or uses any device for observing, recording, transmitting, photographing, or eavesdropping in a private place without consent is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than $2,000, or both.\n\nWhat Michigan Legislature actually says:\n\n“(a) Install, place, or use in any private place, without the consent of the person or persons entitled to privacy in that place, any device for observing, recording, transmitting, photographing, or eavesdropping upon the sounds or events in that place.\n\n(3) A person who violates or attempts to violate this section is guilty of a crime as follows:\n\n(a) For a violation or attempted violation of subsection (1)(a):\n\n(i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii), the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both.\n\n(ii) If the person was previously convicted of violating or attempting to violate this section, the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than $5,000.00, or both.”\n\nNote: MCL 750.539d - penalty for installing recording device in private place without consent",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-539d",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-16",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "(a) Install, place, or use in any private place, without the consent of the person or persons entitled to privacy in that place, any device for observing, recording, transmitting, photographing, or eavesdropping upon the sounds or events in that place.\n\n(3) A person who violates or attempts to violate this section is guilty of a crime as follows:\n\n(a) For a violation or attempted violation of subsection (1)(a):\n\n(i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii), the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both.\n\n(ii) If the person was previously convicted of violating or attempting to violate this section, the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than $5,000.00, or both.",
      "volatility": "",
      "from_batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Michigan Penal Code §750.539d",
      "topic": "device installation in private place penalty",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6679_michigan_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_mi_device_distribution_penalty",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan Penal Code §750.539d: distribution of unlawfully obtained recordings penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A person who distributes, disseminates, or transmits for access by any other person a recording that was obtained in violation of the device installation statute is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than $5,000, or both.",
      "body": "A person who distributes, disseminates, or transmits for access by any other person a recording that was obtained in violation of the device installation statute is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than $5,000, or both.\n\nWhat Michigan Legislature actually says:\n\n“(b) Distribute, disseminate, or transmit for access by any other person a recording, photograph, or visual image the person knows or has reason to know was obtained in violation of this section.\n\n(3) A person who violates or attempts to violate this section is guilty of a crime as follows:\n\n(b) For a violation or attempted violation of subsection (1)(b), the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than $5,000.00, or both.”\n\nNote: MCL 750.539d(3)(b) - distribution of unlawfully obtained recordings",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-539d",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-16",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "(b) Distribute, disseminate, or transmit for access by any other person a recording, photograph, or visual image the person knows or has reason to know was obtained in violation of this section.\n\n(3) A person who violates or attempts to violate this section is guilty of a crime as follows:\n\n(b) For a violation or attempted violation of subsection (1)(b), the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than $5,000.00, or both.",
      "volatility": "",
      "from_batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Michigan Penal Code §750.539d",
      "topic": "distribution of unlawfully obtained recordings penalty",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6679_michigan_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_mi_exceptions",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan Penal Code §750.539g: eavesdropping exceptions",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan's eavesdropping law includes exceptions for peace officers and federal agents acting in performance of duties, communications common carrier employees acting in the course of employment, and public utility recording customer service calls.",
      "body": "Michigan's eavesdropping law includes exceptions for peace officers and federal agents acting in performance of duties, communications common carrier employees acting in the course of employment, and public utility recording customer service calls.\n\nWhat Michigan Legislature actually says:\n\n“This section applies to a peace officer or a federal law enforcement agent who, acting in the performance of that individual's official duties, uses a device to eavesdrop on a private conversation.”\n\nNote: MCL 750.539g - exceptions for law enforcement and authorized personnel",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-539g",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-16",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "This section applies to a peace officer or a federal law enforcement agent who, acting in the performance of that individual's official duties, uses a device to eavesdrop on a private conversation.",
      "volatility": "",
      "from_batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Michigan Penal Code §750.539g",
      "topic": "eavesdropping exceptions",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6679_michigan_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_mi_use_of_unlawfully_obtained",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan Penal Code §750.539e: use of unlawfully obtained information penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A person who uses or divulges information known to have been obtained in violation of the eavesdropping statute is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than $2,000, or both.",
      "body": "A person who uses or divulges information known to have been obtained in violation of the eavesdropping statute is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than $2,000, or both.\n\nWhat Michigan Legislature actually says:\n\n“(1) A person who uses or divulges information known to the person to have been obtained in violation of section 539b, 539c, or 539d is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in a state prison for not more than 2 years or by a fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both.”\n\nNote: MCL 750.539e - penalty for using information obtained unlawfully",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-539e",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-16",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "(1) A person who uses or divulges information known to the person to have been obtained in violation of section 539b, 539c, or 539d is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in a state prison for not more than 2 years or by a fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both.",
      "volatility": "",
      "from_batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Michigan Penal Code §750.539e",
      "topic": "use of unlawfully obtained information penalty",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap",
          "deferred_state_uncorroborated:us-mi"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6679_michigan_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_mi_civil_remedy",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Michigan Penal Code §750.539h: civil remedy for eavesdropping",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A person whose private conversation has been eavesdropped upon may bring an action for damages in a civil court of competent jurisdiction in the county where the person resides or where the cause of action arose.",
      "body": "A person whose private conversation has been eavesdropped upon may bring an action for damages in a civil court of competent jurisdiction in the county where the person resides or where the cause of action arose.\n\nWhat Michigan Legislature actually says:\n\n“A person whose private conversation has been eavesdropped upon may maintain an action for damages in a civil court of competent jurisdiction in the county in this state where the person resides or where the cause of action arose.”\n\nNote: MCL 750.539h - civil remedy provision",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-539h",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-16",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
      "evidence_quote": "A person whose private conversation has been eavesdropped upon may maintain an action for damages in a civil court of competent jurisdiction in the county in this state where the person resides or where the cause of action arose.",
      "volatility": "",
      "from_batch": "6679-michigan-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Michigan Penal Code §750.539h",
      "topic": "civil remedy for eavesdropping",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-mi"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "thin_body",
          "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}