{
  "batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_c1",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: anchor",
      "summary": "New York's official statute site publishes the Penal Law as Chapter 40 of the Consolidated Laws; Article 250 is 'Offenses against the right to privacy'.",
      "body": "New York's official statute site publishes the Penal Law as Chapter 40 of the Consolidated Laws; Article 250 is 'Offenses against the right to privacy'.\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York) actually says:\n\n“CHAPTER 40 OF THE CONSOLIDATED LAWS PENAL LAW”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York)",
      "evidence_quote": "CHAPTER 40 OF THE CONSOLIDATED LAWS PENAL LAW",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "anchor",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NY",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_c2",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: statute / penalty",
      "summary": "Penal Law 250.05: eavesdropping (unlawful wiretapping, mechanical overhearing, or intercepting electronic communications) is a class E felony.",
      "body": "Penal Law 250.05: eavesdropping (unlawful wiretapping, mechanical overhearing, or intercepting electronic communications) is a class E felony.\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York) actually says:\n\n“Eavesdropping is a class E felony.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/250.05",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York)",
      "evidence_quote": "Eavesdropping is a class E felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "statute / penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NY",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_c3",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: consent regime (conversations)",
      "summary": "Penal Law 250.00(2): mechanical overhearing is recording a conversation without the consent of at least one party by a person not present - New York is one-party consent.",
      "body": "Penal Law 250.00(2): mechanical overhearing is recording a conversation without the consent of at least one party by a person not present - New York is one-party consent.\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York) actually says:\n\n“\"Mechanical overhearing of a conversation\" means the intentional overhearing or recording of a conversation or discussion, without the consent of at least one party thereto, by a person not present thereat”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/250.00",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York)",
      "evidence_quote": "\"Mechanical overhearing of a conversation\" means the intentional overhearing or recording of a conversation or discussion, without the consent of at least one party thereto, by a person not present thereat",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "consent regime (conversations)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NY",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_c4",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: consent regime (phone)",
      "summary": "Penal Law 250.00(1): wiretapping is recording a telephonic communication by a non-party without the consent of either the sender or receiver.",
      "body": "Penal Law 250.00(1): wiretapping is recording a telephonic communication by a non-party without the consent of either the sender or receiver.\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York) actually says:\n\n“by a person other than a sender or receiver thereof, without the consent of either the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device or equipment.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/250.00",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York)",
      "evidence_quote": "by a person other than a sender or receiver thereof, without the consent of either the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device or equipment.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "consent regime (phone)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NY",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_c5",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: exception - phone company",
      "summary": "Penal Law 250.00(1) excludes normal operation of a telephone or telegraph corporation from 'wiretapping'.",
      "body": "Penal Law 250.00(1) excludes normal operation of a telephone or telegraph corporation from 'wiretapping'.\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York) actually says:\n\n“The normal operation of a telephone or telegraph corporation and the normal use of the services and facilities furnished by such corporation”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/250.00",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York)",
      "evidence_quote": "The normal operation of a telephone or telegraph corporation and the normal use of the services and facilities furnished by such corporation",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "exception - phone company",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NY",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_c6",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: exception - law enforcement warrants",
      "summary": "Penal Law 250.00(8) defines 'unlawfully' as not authorized under CPL articles 700 or 705 (eavesdropping/pen register warrants).",
      "body": "Penal Law 250.00(8) defines 'unlawfully' as not authorized under CPL articles 700 or 705 (eavesdropping/pen register warrants).\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York) actually says:\n\n“\"Unlawfully\" means not specifically authorized pursuant to article seven hundred or seven hundred five of the criminal procedure law”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/250.00",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York)",
      "evidence_quote": "\"Unlawfully\" means not specifically authorized pursuant to article seven hundred or seven hundred five of the criminal procedure law",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "exception - law enforcement warrants",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NY",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_c7",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: video without audio",
      "summary": "Silent video is covered separately by Penal Law 250.45 (unlawful surveillance in the second degree, class E felony), which targets surreptitious imaging in private settings without knowledge or consent.",
      "body": "Silent video is covered separately by Penal Law 250.45 (unlawful surveillance in the second degree, class E felony), which targets surreptitious imaging in private settings without knowledge or consent.\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York) actually says:\n\n“Unlawful surveillance in the second degree is a class E felony.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/250.45",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York)",
      "evidence_quote": "Unlawful surveillance in the second degree is a class E felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "video without audio",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NY",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_c8",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: video exceptions",
      "summary": "Penal Law 250.65(1) exempts law enforcement and posted-notice or clearly obvious video surveillance from the unlawful surveillance sections.",
      "body": "Penal Law 250.65(1) exempts law enforcement and posted-notice or clearly obvious video surveillance from the unlawful surveillance sections.\n\nWhat New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York) actually says:\n\n“personnel engaged in the conduct of their authorized duties;”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/250.65",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York State Senate (Consolidated Laws of New York)",
      "evidence_quote": "personnel engaged in the conduct of their authorized duties;",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "video exceptions",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NY",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_q1",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: civil remedy (treble damages, attorney fees)",
      "summary": "The New York Archdiocese is close to settling sexual abuse claims for over $800 million.",
      "body": "The New York Archdiocese is close to settling sexual abuse claims for over $800 million.\n\nWhat nytimes.com actually says:\n\n“New York Archdiocese Is Close to Settling Sexual Abuse Claims for Over $800 Million”\n\nNote: Quinn (local boss on MCG): full page read, quote checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence conservative - the verify gate decides",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://www.nytimes.com/",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "nytimes.com",
      "evidence_quote": "New York Archdiocese Is Close to Settling Sexual Abuse Claims for Over $800 Million",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "civil remedy (treble damages, attorney fees)",
      "applies_to_country": "any",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "any"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_q2",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: civil remedy (treble damages, attorney fees)",
      "summary": "New York City has settled a suit over the death of a Rikers inmate.",
      "body": "New York City has settled a suit over the death of a Rikers inmate.\n\nWhat nytimes.com actually says:\n\n“New York City Settles Suit Over Death of Rikers Inmate”\n\nNote: Quinn (local boss on MCG): full page read, quote checked word-for-word on the page by the program; tier/confidence conservative - the verify gate decides",
      "source_type": "research",
      "source_link": "https://www.nytimes.com/",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_publisher": "nytimes.com",
      "evidence_quote": "New York City Settles Suit Over Death of Rikers Inmate",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "civil remedy (treble damages, attorney fees)",
      "applies_to_country": "any",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "any"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r6715_new_york_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_new_york_6715_q3",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "New York: civil remedy (treble damages, attorney fees)",
      "summary": "New York law provides for treble damages and attorney fees as a civil remedy for violations of privacy laws.",
      "body": "New York law provides for treble damages and attorney fees as a civil remedy for violations of privacy laws.\n\nWhat New York (official) actually says:\n\n“§ 250.00 Eavesdropping; definitions of terms. The following definitions are applicable to this article: 1. \"Wiretapping\" means the intentional overhearing or recording of a telephonic or telegraphic communication by a person other than a sender or receiver thereof, without the consent of either the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device or equipment. The normal operation of a telephone or telegraph corporation and the normal use of the services and facilities furnished by such corporation pursuant to its tariffs or necessary to protect the rights or property of said corporation shall not be deemed \"wiretapping.\" 2. \"Mechanical overhearing of a conversation\" means the intentional overhearing or recording of a conversation or discussion, without the consent of at least one party thereto, by a person not present thereat, by means of any instrument, device or equipment. 3. \"Telephonic communication\" means any aural transfer made in whole or in part through the use of facilities for the transmission of communications by the aid of wire, cable or other like connection between the point of origin and the point of reception (including the use of such connection in a switching station) furnished or operated by any person engaged in providing or operating such facilities for the transmission of communications and such term includes any electronic storage of such communications. 4. \"Aural transfer\" means a transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception. 5. \"Electronic communication\" means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic or photo-optical system, but does not include: (a) any telephonic or telegraphic communication; or (b) any communication made through a tone only paging device; or (c) any communication made through a tracking device consisting of an electronic or mechanical device which permits the tracking of the movement of a person or object; or (d) any communication that is disseminated by the sender through a method of transmission that is configured so that such communication is readily accessible to the general public. 6. \"Intercepting or accessing of an electronic communication\" and \"intentionally intercepted or accessed\" mean the intentional acquiring, receiving, collecting, overhearing, or recording of an electronic communication, without the consent of the sender or intended receiver thereof, by means of any instrument, device or equipment, except when used by a telephone company in the ordinary course of its business or when necessary to protect the rights or property of such company. 7. \"Electronic communication service\" means any service which provides to users thereof the ability to send or receive wire or electronic communications. 8. \"Unlawfully\" means not specifically authorized pursuant to article seven hundred or seven hundred five of the criminal procedure law for the purposes of this section and sections 250.05, 250.10, 250.15, 250.20, 250.25, 250.30 and 250.35 of this article.”\n\nNote: Quinn (local boss on MCG): full page read, quote checked word-for-word on the page by the program",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/250.00",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-24",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "New York (official)",
      "evidence_quote": "§ 250.00 Eavesdropping; definitions of terms. The following definitions are applicable to this article: 1. \"Wiretapping\" means the intentional overhearing or recording of a telephonic or telegraphic communication by a person other than a sender or receiver thereof, without the consent of either the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device or equipment. The normal operation of a telephone or telegraph corporation and the normal use of the services and facilities furnished by such corporation pursuant to its tariffs or necessary to protect the rights or property of said corporation shall not be deemed \"wiretapping.\" 2. \"Mechanical overhearing of a conversation\" means the intentional overhearing or recording of a conversation or discussion, without the consent of at least one party thereto, by a person not present thereat, by means of any instrument, device or equipment. 3. \"Telephonic communication\" means any aural transfer made in whole or in part through the use of facilities for the transmission of communications by the aid of wire, cable or other like connection between the point of origin and the point of reception (including the use of such connection in a switching station) furnished or operated by any person engaged in providing or operating such facilities for the transmission of communications and such term includes any electronic storage of such communications. 4. \"Aural transfer\" means a transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception. 5. \"Electronic communication\" means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic or photo-optical system, but does not include: (a) any telephonic or telegraphic communication; or (b) any communication made through a tone only paging device; or (c) any communication made through a tracking device consisting of an electronic or mechanical device which permits the tracking of the movement of a person or object; or (d) any communication that is disseminated by the sender through a method of transmission that is configured so that such communication is readily accessible to the general public. 6. \"Intercepting or accessing of an electronic communication\" and \"intentionally intercepted or accessed\" mean the intentional acquiring, receiving, collecting, overhearing, or recording of an electronic communication, without the consent of the sender or intended receiver thereof, by means of any instrument, device or equipment, except when used by a telephone company in the ordinary course of its business or when necessary to protect the rights or property of such company. 7. \"Electronic communication service\" means any service which provides to users thereof the ability to send or receive wire or electronic communications. 8. \"Unlawfully\" means not specifically authorized pursuant to article seven hundred or seven hundred five of the criminal procedure law for the purposes of this section and sections 250.05, 250.10, 250.15, 250.20, 250.25, 250.30 and 250.35 of this article.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "6715-new-york-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "New York",
      "topic": "civil remedy (treble damages, attorney fees)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "New York",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ny"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    }
  ]
}