{
  "batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c1",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: anchor",
      "summary": "North Carolina's official statute site (ncleg.gov) publishes Chapter 15A of the General Statutes, titled 'Criminal Procedure Act.', which contains Article 16 (Electronic Surveillance).",
      "body": "North Carolina's official statute site (ncleg.gov) publishes Chapter 15A of the General Statutes, titled 'Criminal Procedure Act.', which contains Article 16 (Electronic Surveillance).\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“Chapter 15A - Criminal Procedure Act.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/Laws/GeneralStatuteSections/Chapter15A",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "Chapter 15A - Criminal Procedure Act.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "anchor",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c2",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: statute citation / consent regime",
      "summary": "G.S. 15A-287(a) makes interception of wire, oral or electronic communications a Class H felony unless at least one party to the communication consents (one-party consent).",
      "body": "G.S. 15A-287(a) makes interception of wire, oral or electronic communications a Class H felony unless at least one party to the communication consents (one-party consent).\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Article, a person is guilty of a Class H felony if, without the consent of at least one party to the communication, the person:”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_15A/Article_16.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Article, a person is guilty of a Class H felony if, without the consent of at least one party to the communication, the person:",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "statute citation / consent regime",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c3",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: operative conduct",
      "summary": "G.S. 15A-287(a)(1) covers willfully intercepting or procuring another to intercept any wire, oral, or electronic communication.",
      "body": "G.S. 15A-287(a)(1) covers willfully intercepting or procuring another to intercept any wire, oral, or electronic communication.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(1) Willfully intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any wire, oral, or electronic communication.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_15A/Article_16.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(1) Willfully intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any wire, oral, or electronic communication.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "operative conduct",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c4",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: audio vs video",
      "summary": "G.S. 15A-286(13) defines 'intercept' as aural or other acquisition of the contents of a communication, so the wiretap article is aimed at communications (audio) rather than silent video.",
      "body": "G.S. 15A-286(13) defines 'intercept' as aural or other acquisition of the contents of a communication, so the wiretap article is aimed at communications (audio) rather than silent video.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(13) \"Intercept\" means the aural or other acquisition of the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication through the use of any electronic, mechanical, or other device.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_15A/Article_16.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(13) \"Intercept\" means the aural or other acquisition of the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication through the use of any electronic, mechanical, or other device.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "audio vs video",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c5",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: oral communication definition",
      "summary": "G.S. 15A-286(17) limits protected 'oral communication' to speech uttered with a justified expectation that it is not subject to interception.",
      "body": "G.S. 15A-286(17) limits protected 'oral communication' to speech uttered with a justified expectation that it is not subject to interception.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(17) \"Oral communication\" means any oral communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that such communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectation, but the term does not include any electronic communication.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_15A/Article_16.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(17) \"Oral communication\" means any oral communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that such communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectation, but the term does not include any electronic communication.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "oral communication definition",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c6",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: exceptions",
      "summary": "G.S. 15A-287(b)(1) exempts intercepting electronic communications made through a system configured to be readily accessible to the general public.",
      "body": "G.S. 15A-287(b)(1) exempts intercepting electronic communications made through a system configured to be readily accessible to the general public.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(1) Intercept or access an electronic communication made through an electronic communication system that is configured so that the electronic communication is readily accessible to the general public;”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_15A/Article_16.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(1) Intercept or access an electronic communication made through an electronic communication system that is configured so that the electronic communication is readily accessible to the general public;",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "exceptions",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c7",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: exceptions",
      "summary": "G.S. 15A-287(b)(3) also exempts any interception otherwise allowed by Chapter 119 of the United States Code.",
      "body": "G.S. 15A-287(b)(3) also exempts any interception otherwise allowed by Chapter 119 of the United States Code.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(3) Intercept any communication in a manner otherwise allowed by Chapter 119 of the United States Code.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_15A/Article_16.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(3) Intercept any communication in a manner otherwise allowed by Chapter 119 of the United States Code.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "exceptions",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c8",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: civil remedy",
      "summary": "G.S. 15A-296(a)(1) gives a civil action for actual damages but not less than liquidated damages of $100 a day or $1,000, whichever is higher.",
      "body": "G.S. 15A-296(a)(1) gives a civil action for actual damages but not less than liquidated damages of $100 a day or $1,000, whichever is higher.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(1) Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages, computed at the rate of one hundred dollars ($100.00) a day for each day of violation or one thousand dollars ($1,000), whichever is higher;”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_15A/Article_16.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(1) Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages, computed at the rate of one hundred dollars ($100.00) a day for each day of violation or one thousand dollars ($1,000), whichever is higher;",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "civil remedy",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c9",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: civil remedy - fees",
      "summary": "G.S. 15A-296(a)(3) also allows recovery of reasonable attorneys' fees and litigation costs (punitive damages under (a)(2)); no treble damages are provided.",
      "body": "G.S. 15A-296(a)(3) also allows recovery of reasonable attorneys' fees and litigation costs (punitive damages under (a)(2)); no treble damages are provided.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(3) A reasonable attorneys' fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_15A/Article_16.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(3) A reasonable attorneys' fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "civil remedy - fees",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r745_north_carolina_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_north_carolina_745_c10",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "North Carolina: video recording (separate statute)",
      "summary": "Silent video/photo capture of private areas is handled separately by G.S. 14-202(e1), a Class I felony.",
      "body": "Silent video/photo capture of private areas is handled separately by G.S. 14-202(e1), a Class I felony.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes) actually says:\n\n“knowingly does so under circumstances in which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy shall be guilty of a Class I felony.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-202.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly (General Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "knowingly does so under circumstances in which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy shall be guilty of a Class I felony.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "745-north-carolina-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "North Carolina",
      "topic": "video recording (separate statute)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "NC",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-nc"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    }
  ]
}