{ "batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "articles": [ { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_statutes_toc", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes: statutory code index", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The official North Carolina General Statutes table of contents indexes the chapters enacted by the North Carolina General Assembly.", "body": "The official North Carolina General Statutes table of contents indexes the chapters enacted by the North Carolina General Assembly.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“NC General Statutes Table of Contents”\n\nNote: Anchor record for North Carolina official statutory code TOC.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/Laws/GeneralStatutesTOC", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "NC General Statutes Table of Contents", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes", "topic": "statutory code index", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "choosing", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_criminal_gs_14_190_5a_image_definition", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: coverage of synthetic or AI-generated depictions", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina law defines covered images to include digital or computer-generated visual depictions created, adapted, or modified by algorithms or artificial intelligence.", "body": "North Carolina law defines covered images to include digital or computer-generated visual depictions created, adapted, or modified by algorithms or artificial intelligence.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(2) Image. - A photograph, film, videotape, recording, live transmission, digital or computer-generated visual depiction, including a realistic visual depiction created, adapted, or modified by technological means, including algorithms or artificial intelligence, such that a reasonable person would believe the image depicts an identifiable individual, or any other reproduction that is created, adapted, or modified by electronic, mechanical, or other means.”\n\nNote: Sits under the North Carolina General Statutes TOC citation.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "(2) Image. - A photograph, film, videotape, recording, live transmission, digital or computer-generated visual depiction, including a realistic visual depiction created, adapted, or modified by technological means, including algorithms or artificial intelligence, such that a reasonable person would believe the image depicts an identifiable individual, or any other reproduction that is created, adapted, or modified by electronic, mechanical, or other means.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "coverage of synthetic or AI-generated depictions", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal", "rules.content" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_criminal_gs_14_190_5a_offense_elements", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A person is guilty of disclosure of private images in North Carolina if they knowingly disclose an image of another person without affirmative consent with intent to coerce, harass, intimidate, demean, humiliate, or cause financial loss, where the depicted person is identifiable and intimate parts are exposed or realistically depicted.", "body": "A person is guilty of disclosure of private images in North Carolina if they knowingly disclose an image of another person without affirmative consent with intent to coerce, harass, intimidate, demean, humiliate, or cause financial loss, where the depicted person is identifiable and intimate parts are exposed or realistically depicted.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(b) Offense. - A person is guilty of disclosure of private images if all of the following apply: (1) The person knowingly discloses an image of another person with the intent to do either of the following: a. Coerce, harass, intimidate, demean, humiliate, or cause financial loss to the depicted person. b. Cause others to coerce, harass, intimidate, demean, humiliate, or cause financial loss to the depicted person. (2) The depicted person is identifiable from the disclosed image itself or information offered in connection with the image. (3) The depicted person's intimate parts are or are realistically depicted to be exposed or the depicted person is or is realistically depicted to be engaged in sexual conduct in the disclosed image. (4) The person discloses the image without the affirmative consent of the depicted person. (5) The person obtained, created, adapted, or modified the image without consent of the depicted person or under circumstances such that the person knew or should have known that the depicted person expected the images to remain private.”\n\nNote: Statutory elements of the criminal offense.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "(b) Offense. - A person is guilty of disclosure of private images if all of the following apply: (1) The person knowingly discloses an image of another person with the intent to do either of the following: a. Coerce, harass, intimidate, demean, humiliate, or cause financial loss to the depicted person. b. Cause others to coerce, harass, intimidate, demean, humiliate, or cause financial loss to the depicted person. (2) The depicted person is identifiable from the disclosed image itself or information offered in connection with the image. (3) The depicted person's intimate parts are or are realistically depicted to be exposed or the depicted person is or is realistically depicted to be engaged in sexual conduct in the disclosed image. (4) The person discloses the image without the affirmative consent of the depicted person. (5) The person obtained, created, adapted, or modified the image without consent of the depicted person or under circumstances such that the person knew or should have known that the depicted person expected the images to remain private.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "trouble", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal", "rules.content" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_criminal_gs_14_190_5a_penalty", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A violation of the disclosure of private images statute by a person 18 years of age or older is a Class H felony, while a first offense by a minor under 18 is a Class 1 misdemeanor.", "body": "A violation of the disclosure of private images statute by a person 18 years of age or older is a Class H felony, while a first offense by a minor under 18 is a Class 1 misdemeanor.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(c) Penalty. - A violation of this section shall be punishable as follows: (1) For an offense by a person who is 18 years of age or older at the time of the offense, the violation is a Class H felony. (2) For a first offense by a person who is under 18 years of age at the time of the offense, the violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor. (3) For a second or subsequent offense by a person who is under the age of 18 at the time of the offense, the violation is a Class H felony.”\n\nNote: Criminal penalties by age and offense count.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "(c) Penalty. - A violation of this section shall be punishable as follows: (1) For an offense by a person who is 18 years of age or older at the time of the offense, the violation is a Class H felony. (2) For a first offense by a person who is under 18 years of age at the time of the offense, the violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor. (3) For a second or subsequent offense by a person who is under the age of 18 at the time of the offense, the violation is a Class H felony.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "trouble", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal", "rules.enforcement" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_criminal_gs_14_190_5a_ics_exception", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: mandatory takedown or removal duty imposed on websites hosting content", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina's disclosure of private images statute does not apply to providers of interactive computer services under 47 U.S.C. § 230(f) for images provided by another person, imposing no affirmative mandatory removal duty within the statute itself.", "body": "North Carolina's disclosure of private images statute does not apply to providers of interactive computer services under 47 U.S.C. § 230(f) for images provided by another person, imposing no affirmative mandatory removal duty within the statute itself.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(d) Exceptions. - This section does not apply to any of the following: ... (3) Providers of an interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230(f), for images provided by another person.”\n\nNote: Statutory exception for interactive computer service providers.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "(d) Exceptions. - This section does not apply to any of the following: ... (3) Providers of an interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230(f), for images provided by another person.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "mandatory takedown or removal duty imposed on websites hosting content", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "running", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal", "rules.content" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_civil_gs_14_190_5a_civil_remedy", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: civil remedy for victims", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Victims whose private images are disclosed have a civil cause of action entitling them to recover actual damages (not less than liquidated damages computed at $1,000 per day or $10,000, whichever is higher), punitive damages, and reasonable attorneys' fees.", "body": "Victims whose private images are disclosed have a civil cause of action entitling them to recover actual damages (not less than liquidated damages computed at $1,000 per day or $10,000, whichever is higher), punitive damages, and reasonable attorneys' fees.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(g) Civil Action. - In addition to any other remedies at law or in equity, including an order by the court to destroy any image disclosed in violation of this section, any person whose image is disclosed, or used, as described in subsection (b) of this section, has a civil cause of action against any person who discloses or uses the image and is entitled to recover from the other person any of the following: (1) Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages, to be computed at the rate of one thousand dollars ($1,000) per day for each day of the violation or in the amount of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), whichever is higher. (2) Punitive damages. (3) A reasonable attorneys' fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.”\n\nNote: Civil cause of action and statutory damage floors.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "(g) Civil Action. - In addition to any other remedies at law or in equity, including an order by the court to destroy any image disclosed in violation of this section, any person whose image is disclosed, or used, as described in subsection (b) of this section, has a civil cause of action against any person who discloses or uses the image and is entitled to recover from the other person any of the following: (1) Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages, to be computed at the rate of one thousand dollars ($1,000) per day for each day of the violation or in the amount of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), whichever is higher. (2) Punitive damages. (3) A reasonable attorneys' fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "civil remedy for victims", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "trouble", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_civil_gs_14_190_5a_limitation_period", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: limitation period", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A civil action for disclosure of private images must be brought no more than one year after the initial discovery of the disclosure, and in no event more than seven years from the most recent disclosure.", "body": "A civil action for disclosure of private images must be brought no more than one year after the initial discovery of the disclosure, and in no event more than seven years from the most recent disclosure.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“The civil cause of action may be brought no more than one year after the initial discovery of the disclosure, but in no event may the action be commenced more than seven years from the most recent disclosure of the private image.”\n\nNote: Statute of limitations for civil actions under G.S. 14-190.5A.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "The civil cause of action may be brought no more than one year after the initial discovery of the disclosure, but in no event may the action be commenced more than seven years from the most recent disclosure of the private image.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "limitation period", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "trouble", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_criminal_gs_14_190_5a_destruction", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] In addition to penalties or damages, the court may order the destruction of any image made or disclosed in violation of the North Carolina private image disclosure statute.", "body": "In addition to penalties or damages, the court may order the destruction of any image made or disclosed in violation of the North Carolina private image disclosure statute.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(e) Destruction of Image. - In addition to any penalty or other damages, the court may award the destruction of any image made in violation of this section.”\n\nNote: Court order for destruction of illicit images.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "(e) Destruction of Image. - In addition to any penalty or other damages, the court may award the destruction of any image made in violation of this section.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "trouble", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_criminal_gs_14_190_5a_public_interest_exception", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The disclosure of private images statute does not apply to disclosures made in the public interest, including reporting unlawful conduct, law enforcement practices, legal proceedings, medical treatment, or scientific or educational activities.", "body": "The disclosure of private images statute does not apply to disclosures made in the public interest, including reporting unlawful conduct, law enforcement practices, legal proceedings, medical treatment, or scientific or educational activities.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(2) Disclosures made in the public interest, including, but not limited to, the reporting of unlawful conduct or the lawful and common practices of law enforcement, criminal reporting, legal proceedings, medical treatment, or scientific or educational activities.”\n\nNote: Public interest statutory exceptions.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "(2) Disclosures made in the public interest, including, but not limited to, the reporting of unlawful conduct or the lawful and common practices of law enforcement, criminal reporting, legal proceedings, medical treatment, or scientific or educational activities.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "thin_body", "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r748_north_carolina_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_nc_criminal_gs_14_190_5a_sexual_conduct_definition", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A: non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] North Carolina law defines sexual conduct for purposes of private image disclosure to include vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse, masturbation, excretory functions, lewd exhibition of uncovered genitals, or depictions of torture, restraint, or flagellation of nude or undergarment-clad persons.", "body": "North Carolina law defines sexual conduct for purposes of private image disclosure to include vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse, masturbation, excretory functions, lewd exhibition of uncovered genitals, or depictions of torture, restraint, or flagellation of nude or undergarment-clad persons.\n\nWhat North Carolina General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(6) Sexual conduct. - Includes any of the following: a. Vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse, whether actual or simulated, normal or perverted. b. Masturbation, excretory functions, or lewd exhibition of uncovered genitals. c. An act or condition that depicts torture, physical restraint by being fettered or bound, or flagellation of or by a nude person or a person clad in undergarments or in revealing or bizarre costume.”\n\nNote: Statutory definition of sexual conduct.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-190.5A.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-15", "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly", "evidence_quote": "(6) Sexual conduct. - Includes any of the following: a. Vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse, whether actual or simulated, normal or perverted. b. Masturbation, excretory functions, or lewd exhibition of uncovered genitals. c. An act or condition that depicts torture, physical restraint by being fettered or bound, or flagellation of or by a nude person or a person clad in undergarments or in revealing or bizarre costume.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "748-north-carolina-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws", "subject": "North Carolina General Statutes G.S. 14-190.5A", "topic": "non-consensual intimate-image criminal statute", "applies_to_country": "US", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "any", "region": [ "us-nc" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "safety.legal", "rules.content" ], "explicitness": "explicit_solo" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "thin_body", "source_unverifiable:fetch_failed:budget" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } } ] }