{
  "batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c1",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: anchor",
      "summary": "ANCHOR: Pennsylvania statutes are published on the General Assembly Consolidated Statutes index; wiretapping law is in Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses), Chapter 57 (Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance), 18 Pa.C.S. Ch. 57.",
      "body": "ANCHOR: Pennsylvania statutes are published on the General Assembly Consolidated Statutes index; wiretapping law is in Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses), Chapter 57 (Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance), 18 Pa.C.S. Ch. 57.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“Consolidated Statutes - The Official Website of the Pennsylvania General Assembly”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "Consolidated Statutes - The Official Website of the Pennsylvania General Assembly",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "anchor",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c2",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: offence and penalty class",
      "summary": "Under 18 Pa.C.S. 5703, intentionally intercepting, disclosing or using a wire, electronic or oral communication is a felony of the third degree.",
      "body": "Under 18 Pa.C.S. 5703, intentionally intercepting, disclosing or using a wire, electronic or oral communication is a felony of the third degree.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a person is guilty of a felony of the third degree if he:”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=3",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a person is guilty of a felony of the third degree if he:",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "offence and penalty class",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c3",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: operative interception language",
      "summary": "18 Pa.C.S. 5703(1) covers anyone who intentionally intercepts or procures another to intercept any wire, electronic or oral communication.",
      "body": "18 Pa.C.S. 5703(1) covers anyone who intentionally intercepts or procures another to intercept any wire, electronic or oral communication.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept any wire, electronic or oral communication;”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=3",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept any wire, electronic or oral communication;",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "operative interception language",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c4",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: consent regime (all-party)",
      "summary": "Pennsylvania is an all-party consent state: 18 Pa.C.S. 5704(4) exempts interception only where all parties to the communication have given prior consent.",
      "body": "Pennsylvania is an all-party consent state: 18 Pa.C.S. 5704(4) exempts interception only where all parties to the communication have given prior consent.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“A person, to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication, where all parties to the communication have given prior consent to such interception.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=4",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "A person, to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication, where all parties to the communication have given prior consent to such interception.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "consent regime (all-party)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c5",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: law-enforcement exception",
      "summary": "18 Pa.C.S. 5704(2) allows law enforcement (or a person acting at its direction) to intercept where one party has consented, subject to Attorney General or district attorney approval.",
      "body": "18 Pa.C.S. 5704(2) allows law enforcement (or a person acting at its direction) to intercept where one party has consented, subject to Attorney General or district attorney approval.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception. However, no interception under this paragraph shall be made unless”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=4",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception. However, no interception under this paragraph shall be made unless",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "law-enforcement exception",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c6",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: provider/switchboard exception",
      "summary": "18 Pa.C.S. 5704(1) exempts switchboard operators and communication-service provider employees acting in the normal course of employment.",
      "body": "18 Pa.C.S. 5704(1) exempts switchboard operators and communication-service provider employees acting in the normal course of employment.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“An operator of a switchboard, or an officer, agent or employee of a provider of wire or electronic communication service, whose facilities are used in the transmission of a wire communication”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=4",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "An operator of a switchboard, or an officer, agent or employee of a provider of wire or electronic communication service, whose facilities are used in the transmission of a wire communication",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "provider/switchboard exception",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c7",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: oral communication / expectation of privacy (audio vs video)",
      "summary": "18 Pa.C.S. 5702 defines a protected oral communication by the speaker's expectation that it is not subject to interception; the chapter regulates acquisition of communication contents (aural or other), so silent video with no communication content is not addressed by Chapter 57.",
      "body": "18 Pa.C.S. 5702 defines a protected oral communication by the speaker's expectation that it is not subject to interception; the chapter regulates acquisition of communication contents (aural or other), so silent video with no communication content is not addressed by Chapter 57.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“Any oral communication uttered by a person possessing an expectation that such communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectation.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=2",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "Any oral communication uttered by a person possessing an expectation that such communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectation.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "oral communication / expectation of privacy (audio vs video)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c8",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: definition of intercept",
      "summary": "18 Pa.C.S. 5702 defines \"intercept\" as aural or other acquisition of the contents of a communication through a device.",
      "body": "18 Pa.C.S. 5702 defines \"intercept\" as aural or other acquisition of the contents of a communication through a device.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“Aural or other acquisition of the contents of any wire, electronic or oral communication through the use of any electronic, mechanical or other device.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=2",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "Aural or other acquisition of the contents of any wire, electronic or oral communication through the use of any electronic, mechanical or other device.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "definition of intercept",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c9",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: civil remedy - damages",
      "summary": "18 Pa.C.S. 5725 gives a civil action with actual damages but not less than liquidated damages of $100 per day or $1,000, whichever is higher.",
      "body": "18 Pa.C.S. 5725 gives a civil action with actual damages but not less than liquidated damages of $100 per day or $1,000, whichever is higher.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages computed at the rate of $100 a day for each day of violation, or $1,000, whichever is higher.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=25",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages computed at the rate of $100 a day for each day of violation, or $1,000, whichever is higher.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "civil remedy - damages",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r790_pennsylvania_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_pennsylvania_790_c10",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "Pennsylvania: civil remedy - punitive damages and fees",
      "summary": "18 Pa.C.S. 5725(a)(2)-(3) also allows punitive damages and a reasonable attorney fee and litigation costs.",
      "body": "18 Pa.C.S. 5725(a)(2)-(3) also allows punitive damages and a reasonable attorney fee and litigation costs.\n\nWhat Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes) actually says:\n\n“(2) Punitive damages. (3) A reasonable attorney's fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.”\n\nNote: Claude session research 2026-10-23 (web search + fetch of the official page); quote re-checked by the verify gate",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=PDF&ttl=18&div=0&chapter=57&subsctn=0&section=25",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-23",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes)",
      "evidence_quote": "(2) Punitive damages. (3) A reasonable attorney's fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "790-pennsylvania-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Pennsylvania",
      "topic": "civil remedy - punitive damages and fees",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "PA",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-pa"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      }
    }
  ]
}