{
  "batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_anchorsite",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: statutory code index",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island's General Laws are indexed by Title on the Rhode Island General Assembly website at webserver.rilegislature.gov/statutes/Statutes.html.",
      "body": "Rhode Island's General Laws are indexed by Title on the Rhode Island General Assembly website at webserver.rilegislature.gov/statutes/Statutes.html.\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“Search the 2026 General Laws”\n\nNote: Anchor record. The page heading 'The State of Rhode Island General Laws' and the link 'Search the 2026 General Laws' are the evidence.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/statutes/Statutes.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "Search the 2026 General Laws",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "statutory code index",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_consent_rule",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: consent regime",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island is a one-party consent state for wire, electronic, or oral communication interception under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(c)(3), allowing a person who is a party to the communication, or with prior consent of one of the parties, to intercept the communication, unless done for a criminal or tortious purpose.",
      "body": "Rhode Island is a one-party consent state for wire, electronic, or oral communication interception under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(c)(3), allowing a person who is a party to the communication, or with prior consent of one of the parties, to intercept the communication, unless done for a criminal or tortious purpose.\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(3) A person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication, where the person is a party to the communication, or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in the violation of the constitution or laws of the United States or of any state or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov//Statutes/TITLE11/11-35/11-35-21.HTM",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "(3) A person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication, where the person is a party to the communication, or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in the violation of the constitution or laws of the United States or of any state or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "consent regime",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_wiretap_penalty",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: penalty classification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] A violation of the unauthorized interception, disclosure, or use of wire, electronic, or oral communication in Rhode Island is punishable by imprisonment for not more than five years under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(a).",
      "body": "A violation of the unauthorized interception, disclosure, or use of wire, electronic, or oral communication in Rhode Island is punishable by imprisonment for not more than five years under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(a).\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“any person: (1) who willfully intercepts, attempts to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or attempt to intercept, any wire, electronic, or oral communication; (2) who willfully discloses or attempts to disclose to any person the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, knowing, or having reason to know that the information was obtained through interception of a wire, electronic, or oral communication in violation of this section; or (3) who willfully uses or attempts to use the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, knowing, or having reason to know, that the information was obtained through interception of a wire, electronic, or oral communication in violation of this section; shall be imprisoned for not more than five (5) years.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov//Statutes/TITLE11/11-35/11-35-21.HTM",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "any person: (1) who willfully intercepts, attempts to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or attempt to intercept, any wire, electronic, or oral communication; (2) who willfully discloses or attempts to disclose to any person the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, knowing, or having reason to know that the information was obtained through interception of a wire, electronic, or oral communication in violation of this section; or (3) who willfully uses or attempts to use the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, knowing, or having reason to know, that the information was obtained through interception of a wire, electronic, or oral communication in violation of this section; shall be imprisoned for not more than five (5) years.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "penalty classification",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_civil_remedy",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: civil remedy provisions",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-5.1-13, a person whose wire, electronic, or oral communication is intercepted in violation of the chapter has a civil cause of action to recover actual damages (at least $100 per day or $1,000, whichever is higher), punitive damages, and reasonable attorneys' fees.",
      "body": "Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-5.1-13, a person whose wire, electronic, or oral communication is intercepted in violation of the chapter has a civil cause of action to recover actual damages (at least $100 per day or $1,000, whichever is higher), punitive damages, and reasonable attorneys' fees.\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“Any person whose wire, electronic, or oral communication is intercepted, disclosed, or used in violation of this chapter shall have a civil cause of action against any person who intercepts, discloses, or uses the communications, and shall be entitled to recover from that person: (1) Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages, computed at the rate of one hundred dollars ($100) per day for each day of violation, or one thousand dollars ($1,000), whichever is higher; (2) Punitive damages; and (3) Reasonable attorneys’ fees and other litigation disbursements reasonably incurred.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov//Statutes/TITLE12/12-5.1/12-5.1-13.HTM",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "Any person whose wire, electronic, or oral communication is intercepted, disclosed, or used in violation of this chapter shall have a civil cause of action against any person who intercepts, discloses, or uses the communications, and shall be entitled to recover from that person: (1) Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages, computed at the rate of one hundred dollars ($100) per day for each day of violation, or one thousand dollars ($1,000), whichever is higher; (2) Punitive damages; and (3) Reasonable attorneys’ fees and other litigation disbursements reasonably incurred.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "civil remedy provisions",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_carrier_exception",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: statutory exceptions",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Operators of switchboards or employees of a communication common carrier in Rhode Island are exempt from the wiretapping prohibition under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(c)(1) when acting in the normal course of their employment.",
      "body": "Operators of switchboards or employees of a communication common carrier in Rhode Island are exempt from the wiretapping prohibition under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(c)(1) when acting in the normal course of their employment.\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(1) An operator of a switchboard, or an officer, agent, or employee of a communication common carrier, whose facilities are used in the transmission of a wire, electronic, or oral communication, to intercept, disclose, or use that communication in the normal course of his or her employment while engaged in any activity which is a necessary incident to the rendition of his or her service or to the protection of the rights or property of the carrier of the communication.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov//Statutes/TITLE11/11-35/11-35-21.HTM",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "(1) An operator of a switchboard, or an officer, agent, or employee of a communication common carrier, whose facilities are used in the transmission of a wire, electronic, or oral communication, to intercept, disclose, or use that communication in the normal course of his or her employment while engaged in any activity which is a necessary incident to the rendition of his or her service or to the protection of the rights or property of the carrier of the communication.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "statutory exceptions",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_le_exception",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: statutory exceptions",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Persons acting under color of law in Rhode Island are exempt from wiretapping prohibition under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(c)(2) if they are a party to the communication or have prior consent of one of the parties.",
      "body": "Persons acting under color of law in Rhode Island are exempt from wiretapping prohibition under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(c)(2) if they are a party to the communication or have prior consent of one of the parties.\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(2) A person acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication, where that person is a party to the communication, or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception;”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov//Statutes/TITLE11/11-35/11-35-21.HTM",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "(2) A person acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication, where that person is a party to the communication, or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception;",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "statutory exceptions",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_public_info_exception",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: statutory exceptions",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(b), the prohibition against disclosure or use of intercepted communication does not apply to information that has become common knowledge or public information.",
      "body": "Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21(b), the prohibition against disclosure or use of intercepted communication does not apply to information that has become common knowledge or public information.\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(b) The provisions of subdivisions (a)(2) and (3) of this section shall not apply to the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, or evidence derived from those contents, which has become common knowledge or public information.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov//Statutes/TITLE11/11-35/11-35-21.HTM",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "(b) The provisions of subdivisions (a)(2) and (3) of this section shall not apply to the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, or evidence derived from those contents, which has become common knowledge or public information.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "statutory exceptions",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_voyeurism_penalty",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: penalty classification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-64-2, a person found guilty of video voyeurism in Rhode Island shall be imprisoned for not more than three years and/or fined not more than five thousand dollars.",
      "body": "Under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-64-2, a person found guilty of video voyeurism in Rhode Island shall be imprisoned for not more than three years and/or fined not more than five thousand dollars.\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(3) A person found guilty of the crime of video voyeurism shall be imprisoned for not more than three (3) years in jail and/or fined not more than five thousand dollars ($5000).”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov//Statutes/TITLE11/11-64/11-64-2.HTM",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "(3) A person found guilty of the crime of video voyeurism shall be imprisoned for not more than three (3) years in jail and/or fined not more than five thousand dollars ($5000).",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "penalty classification",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "explicit_solo"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r799_rhode_island_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_ri_theater_recording_penalty",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Rhode Island: penalty classification",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] In Rhode Island, a person who unlawfully operates an audiovisual recording function in a motion picture theater is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for not more than one year and/or a fine of not more than $1,000 under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-65-2.",
      "body": "In Rhode Island, a person who unlawfully operates an audiovisual recording function in a motion picture theater is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for not more than one year and/or a fine of not more than $1,000 under R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-65-2.\n\nWhat Rhode Island General Assembly actually says:\n\n“(b) A person found guilty of the crime of unlawful operation of a recording device shall be imprisoned for not more than one year, or fined not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov//Statutes/TITLE11/11-65/11-65-2.HTM",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
      "evidence_quote": "(b) A person found guilty of the crime of unlawful operation of a recording device shall be imprisoned for not more than one year, or fined not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "799-rhode-island-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party",
      "subject": "Rhode Island",
      "topic": "penalty classification",
      "applies_to_country": "us-ri",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "any",
        "region": [
          "us-ri"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "safety.legal"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}