{ "batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "articles": [ { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_anchor_t77_ch", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code Title 77: Chapter 23a Interception of Communications Act (anchor)", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The Utah Legislature's official Utah Code site (le.utah.gov) lists Title 77 of the Utah Code with the entry quoted here. Chapter 23a is Utah's wiretap and recording statute.", "body": "The Utah Legislature's official Utah Code site (le.utah.gov) lists Title 77 of the Utah Code with the entry quoted here. Chapter 23a is Utah's wiretap and recording statute.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“Chapter 23a Interception of Communications Act”\n\nNote: Anchor record: the legislature's own code site, le.utah.gov (state domain), Title 77 index page.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/C77_2026050620260701.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "Chapter 23a Interception of Communications Act", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code Title 77", "topic": "Chapter 23a Interception of Communications Act (anchor)", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_oneparty", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4: One-party consent for recording (not under color of law)", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4(7)(b): a person not acting under color of law may intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication if that person is a party to it or one of the parties has given prior consent, unless it is intercepted to commit a criminal or tortious act. Utah is a one-party-consent state.", "body": "Utah Code 77-23a-4(7)(b): a person not acting under color of law may intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication if that person is a party to it or one of the parties has given prior consent, unless it is intercepted to commit a criminal or tortious act. Utah is a one-party-consent state.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“A person not acting under color of law may intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication if that person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception, unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of state or federal laws.”\n\nNote: Settles the question: one party's consent is enough. The exception is interception 'for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act'.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/Chapter23a/C77-23a-S4_1800010118000101.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "A person not acting under color of law may intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication if that person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception, unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of state or federal laws.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 77-23a-4", "topic": "One-party consent for recording (not under color of law)", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_offence", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4: Interception offence", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4(1)(b)(i): a person commits an interception violation who intentionally or knowingly intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures another to intercept any wire, electronic or oral communication.", "body": "Utah Code 77-23a-4(1)(b)(i): a person commits an interception violation who intentionally or knowingly intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures another to intercept any wire, electronic or oral communication.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“intentionally or knowingly intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept any wire, electronic, or oral communication;”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/Chapter23a/C77-23a-S4_1800010118000101.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "intentionally or knowingly intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept any wire, electronic, or oral communication;", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 77-23a-4", "topic": "Interception offence", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_disclose", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4: Disclosing or using an unlawful interception", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4(1)(b)(iii): intentionally or knowingly disclosing the contents of a communication, knowing or having reason to know it was obtained by an interception in violation of the section, is itself a violation.", "body": "Utah Code 77-23a-4(1)(b)(iii): intentionally or knowingly disclosing the contents of a communication, knowing or having reason to know it was obtained by an interception in violation of the section, is itself a violation.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“intentionally or knowingly discloses or endeavors to disclose to any other person the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of a wire, electronic, or oral communication in violation of this section;”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/Chapter23a/C77-23a-S4_1800010118000101.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "intentionally or knowingly discloses or endeavors to disclose to any other person the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of a wire, electronic, or oral communication in violation of this section;", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 77-23a-4", "topic": "Disclosing or using an unlawful interception", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_penalty", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4: Interception: penalty", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4(10)(a): except for the radio-communication cases in (10)(b) and the civil-suit cases in (11), a violation of subsection (1) is a third degree felony.", "body": "Utah Code 77-23a-4(10)(a): except for the radio-communication cases in (10)(b) and the civil-suit cases in (11), a violation of subsection (1) is a third degree felony.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“Except under Subsection (10)(b) or (11) , a violation of Subsection (1) is a third degree felony.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/Chapter23a/C77-23a-S4_1800010118000101.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "Except under Subsection (10)(b) or (11) , a violation of Subsection (1) is a third degree felony.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 77-23a-4", "topic": "Interception: penalty", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_def_oral", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-3: Definition of oral communication", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-3: oral communication means a communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that it is not subject to interception, under circumstances justifying that expectation, and does not include any electronic communication.", "body": "Utah Code 77-23a-3: oral communication means a communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that it is not subject to interception, under circumstances justifying that expectation, and does not include any electronic communication.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“\"Oral communication\" means any oral communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that the communication is not subject to interception, under circumstances justifying that expectation, but does not include any electronic communication.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/Chapter23a/C77-23a-S3_2025050720250507.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "\"Oral communication\" means any oral communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that the communication is not subject to interception, under circumstances justifying that expectation, but does not include any electronic communication.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 77-23a-3", "topic": "Definition of oral communication", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_civil", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-11: Civil remedy for unlawful interception: damages and fees", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-11(1)-(2): a person whose communication is intercepted, disclosed or used in violation of the chapter may sue; relief includes equitable relief, damages and punitive damages in appropriate cases, and a reasonable attorney's fee and litigation costs.", "body": "Utah Code 77-23a-11(1)-(2): a person whose communication is intercepted, disclosed or used in violation of the chapter may sue; relief includes equitable relief, damages and punitive damages in appropriate cases, and a reasonable attorney's fee and litigation costs.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“In an action under this section appropriate relief includes: (a) preliminary and other equitable or declaratory relief as is appropriate; (b) damages under Subsection (3) and punitive damages in appropriate cases; and (c) a reasonable attorney's fee and reasonably incurred litigation costs.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/Chapter23a/C77-23a-S11_1800010118000101.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "In an action under this section appropriate relief includes: (a) preliminary and other equitable or declaratory relief as is appropriate; (b) damages under Subsection (3) and punitive damages in appropriate cases; and (c) a reasonable attorney's fee and reasonably incurred litigation costs.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 77-23a-11", "topic": "Civil remedy for unlawful interception: damages and fees", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_civil_damages", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-11: Civil remedy: statutory damages figure", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-11(3)(b): in an ordinary civil action the court may assess the greater of actual damages plus the violator's profits, or statutory damages of $100 a day for each day of violation or $10,000, whichever is greater.", "body": "Utah Code 77-23a-11(3)(b): in an ordinary civil action the court may assess the greater of actual damages plus the violator's profits, or statutory damages of $100 a day for each day of violation or $10,000, whichever is greater.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“in any other action under this section, the court may assess as damages whichever is the greater of: (i) the sum of the actual damages suffered by the plaintiff and any profits made by the violator as a result of the violations; or (ii) statutory damages of $100 a day for each day of violation, or $10,000, whichever is greater.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/Chapter23a/C77-23a-S11_1800010118000101.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "in any other action under this section, the court may assess as damages whichever is the greater of: (i) the sum of the actual damages suffered by the plaintiff and any profits made by the violator as a result of the violations; or (ii) statutory damages of $100 a day for each day of violation, or $10,000, whichever is greater.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 77-23a-11", "topic": "Civil remedy: statutory damages figure", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_eavesdrop", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-301: Eavesdrop defined (privacy offences part)", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-301(1): eavesdrop means to overhear, record, amplify or transmit any part of a wire or oral communication of another without the consent of at least one party, by an electronic, mechanical or other device.", "body": "Utah Code 76-12-301(1): eavesdrop means to overhear, record, amplify or transmit any part of a wire or oral communication of another without the consent of at least one party, by an electronic, mechanical or other device.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“\"Eavesdrop\" means to overhear, record, amplify, or transmit any part of a wire or oral communication of another without the consent of at least one party thereto by means of an electronic, mechanical, or other device.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter12/C76-12-S301_2025050720250507.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "\"Eavesdrop\" means to overhear, record, amplify, or transmit any part of a wire or oral communication of another without the consent of at least one party thereto by means of an electronic, mechanical, or other device.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 76-12-301", "topic": "Eavesdrop defined (privacy offences part)", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_video_only", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-307: Video without audio: recorded or photographed voyeurism", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-307(2): recording an individual by video, photograph or other means is an offence only if done intentionally, secretly or surreptitiously, for the purpose of viewing a body portion with a reasonable expectation of privacy, without knowledge or consent, and under circumstances of a reasonable expectation of privacy; it is a class A misdemeanor.", "body": "Utah Code 76-12-307(2): recording an individual by video, photograph or other means is an offence only if done intentionally, secretly or surreptitiously, for the purpose of viewing a body portion with a reasonable expectation of privacy, without knowledge or consent, and under circumstances of a reasonable expectation of privacy; it is a class A misdemeanor.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“An actor commits recorded or photographed voyeurism if the actor intentionally uses any type of technology to secretly or surreptitiously record, by video, photograph, or other means, an individual: (a) for the purpose of viewing any portion of the individual's body regarding which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy, whether or not that portion of the body is covered with clothing; (b) without the knowledge or consent of the individual; and (c) under circumstances in which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy.”\n\nNote: Video-only recording is handled by this section and 76-12-302, not by the interception chapter, which covers wire, electronic and oral communications. Penalty in subsection (3): class A misdemeanor, third degree felony in the listed aggravated cases.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter12/C76-12-S307_2025050720250507.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "An actor commits recorded or photographed voyeurism if the actor intentionally uses any type of technology to secretly or surreptitiously record, by video, photograph, or other means, an individual: (a) for the purpose of viewing any portion of the individual's body regarding which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy, whether or not that portion of the body is covered with clothing; (b) without the knowledge or consent of the individual; and (c) under circumstances in which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 76-12-307", "topic": "Video without audio: recorded or photographed voyeurism", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_private_place", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-301: Private place defined", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-301(2): a private place is a place where one may reasonably expect to be safe from casual or hostile intrusion or surveillance.", "body": "Utah Code 76-12-301(2): a private place is a place where one may reasonably expect to be safe from casual or hostile intrusion or surveillance.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“\"Private place\" means a place where one may reasonably expect to be safe from casual or hostile intrusion or surveillance.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter12/C76-12-S301_2025050720250507.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "\"Private place\" means a place where one may reasonably expect to be safe from casual or hostile intrusion or surveillance.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 76-12-301", "topic": "Private place defined", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_civil_privacy", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-302: Civil action for a privacy violation", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-302(8): an injured person may sue the actor; the court shall enjoin continued violation, actual damages need not be proved, a finding of violation entitles the plaintiff to reasonable attorney fees, and exemplary damages may be awarded when the violation is malicious.", "body": "Utah Code 76-12-302(8): an injured person may sue the actor; the court shall enjoin continued violation, actual damages need not be proved, a finding of violation entitles the plaintiff to reasonable attorney fees, and exemplary damages may be awarded when the violation is malicious.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“A finding that the defendant is in violation of this section entitles the plaintiff to an award of reasonable attorney fees. (e) Exemplary damages may be awarded when the violation is found to be malicious.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter12/C76-12-S302_2025050720250507.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "A finding that the defendant is in violation of this section entitles the plaintiff to an award of reasonable attorney fees. (e) Exemplary damages may be awarded when the violation is found to be malicious.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 76-12-302", "topic": "Civil action for a privacy violation", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_color_of_law", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4: Consent rule for persons acting under color of law", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 77-23a-4(7)(a): a person acting under color of law may intercept a communication if that person is a party or one of the parties has given prior consent.", "body": "Utah Code 77-23a-4(7)(a): a person acting under color of law may intercept a communication if that person is a party or one of the parties has given prior consent.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“A person acting under color of law may intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication if that person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception.”", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title77/Chapter23a/C77-23a-S4_1800010118000101.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "A person acting under color of law may intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication if that person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception.", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 77-23a-4", "topic": "Consent rule for persons acting under color of law", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "failed", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "hollow_body", "strong_label_on_weak_content" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } }, { "id": "learn_r844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_844_utah_recording_consent_one_party_or_two_party_s303", "category": "Safety", "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-303: Unlawful interception of a private message", "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-12-303(2)(a): intercepting, without the consent of the sender or receiver, a message by telephone, telegraph, letter or other means of communicating privately is a class B misdemeanor; the consent of either the sender or the receiver is the test.", "body": "Utah Code 76-12-303(2)(a): intercepting, without the consent of the sender or receiver, a message by telephone, telegraph, letter or other means of communicating privately is a class B misdemeanor; the consent of either the sender or the receiver is the test.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“intercepts, without the consent of the sender or receiver, a message by telephone, telegraph, letter, or other means of communicating privately; or”\n\nNote: 'Without the consent of the sender or receiver' also reads as an either-party test.", "source_type": "official", "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter12/C76-12-S303_2025050720250507.html", "last_verified": "2026-10-19", "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE", "source_tier": "A", "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)", "evidence_quote": "intercepts, without the consent of the sender or receiver, a message by telephone, telegraph, letter, or other means of communicating privately; or", "volatility": "low", "from_batch": "844-utah-recording-consent-one-party-or-two-party", "subject": "Utah Code 76-12-303", "topic": "Unlawful interception of a private message", "applies_to_country": "US", "applies_to_scope": "UT", "tags": { "lane": "any", "stage": "setting_up", "region": [ "us-ut" ], "platform": "any", "topic": [ "unclassified" ], "explicitness": "any" }, "verification": { "status": "unverified", "label": "Unverified - being checked", "reasons": [ "legal_fetch_over_cap" ], "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z" } } ] }