{
  "batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
  "articles": [
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_anchor_t76_chapter_5b_sexual_expl",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code Title 76: Chapter 5b Sexual Exploitation Act (anchor)",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] The Utah Legislature's official Utah Code site (le.utah.gov) lists Title 76 of the Utah Code with the entry quoted here. Chapter 5b holds the intimate-image offences.",
      "body": "The Utah Legislature's official Utah Code site (le.utah.gov) lists Title 76 of the Utah Code with the entry quoted here. Chapter 5b holds the intimate-image offences.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“Chapter 5b Sexual Exploitation Act”\n\nNote: Anchor record: the legislature's own code site, le.utah.gov (state domain), Title 76 index page.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/C76_2026050620260701.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "Chapter 5b Sexual Exploitation Act",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code Title 76",
      "topic": "Chapter 5b Sexual Exploitation Act (anchor)",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_intimate_def",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203: Definition of intimate image",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203(1)(a)(i): an intimate image is any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture or computer-generated image that depicts exposed genitals or pubic area, a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or the individual engaged in sexually explicit conduct.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-203(1)(a)(i): an intimate image is any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture or computer-generated image that depicts exposed genitals or pubic area, a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or the individual engaged in sexually explicit conduct.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“\"Intimate image\" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image, picture, or video, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that depicts: (A) exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (B) a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or (C) the individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S203_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "\"Intimate image\" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image, picture, or video, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that depicts: (A) exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (B) a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or (C) the individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-203",
      "topic": "Definition of intimate image",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_intimate_offence",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203: Distribution of an intimate image: elements",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203(2)(a): distributing to a third party, or duplicating, an intimate image of an individual 18 or older, knowing it would cause a reasonable person emotional distress, without consent, where the image was created or provided under a reasonable expectation of privacy and actual distress results.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-203(2)(a): distributing to a third party, or duplicating, an intimate image of an individual 18 or older, knowing it would cause a reasonable person emotional distress, without consent, where the image was created or provided under a reasonable expectation of privacy and actual distress results.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“the actor knowingly or intentionally distributes to a third party, or knowingly duplicates or copies an intimate image of an individual who is 18 years old or older and knows or should know that the distribution, duplication or copying would cause a reasonable person to suffer emotional distress or harm; (ii) the actor has not received consent from the individual depicted in the image to distribute the intimate image; (iii) the intimate image was created by or provided to the actor under circumstances in which the individual depicted in the image has a reasonable expectation of privacy; and (iv) except as provided in Subsection (2)(b) , actual emotional distress or harm is caused to the individual depicted in the image as a result of the distribution.”\n\nNote: Covers photographs and video; the definition includes computer-generated images but the deepfake case has its own section, 76-5b-205.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S203_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "the actor knowingly or intentionally distributes to a third party, or knowingly duplicates or copies an intimate image of an individual who is 18 years old or older and knows or should know that the distribution, duplication or copying would cause a reasonable person to suffer emotional distress or harm; (ii) the actor has not received consent from the individual depicted in the image to distribute the intimate image; (iii) the intimate image was created by or provided to the actor under circumstances in which the individual depicted in the image has a reasonable expectation of privacy; and (iv) except as provided in Subsection (2)(b) , actual emotional distress or harm is caused to the individual depicted in the image as a result of the distribution.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-203",
      "topic": "Distribution of an intimate image: elements",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_intimate_pen",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203: Distribution of an intimate image: penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203(3): a violation is a class A misdemeanor, and a third degree felony on a second or subsequent conviction that does not arise from a single criminal episode.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-203(3): a violation is a class A misdemeanor, and a third degree felony on a second or subsequent conviction that does not arise from a single criminal episode.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“A violation of Subsection (2) is a class A misdemeanor.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S203_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "A violation of Subsection (2) is a class A misdemeanor.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-203",
      "topic": "Distribution of an intimate image: penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_intimate_exempt",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203: Intimate image: voluntary exposure and lawful commercial setting",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203(4)(b)-(c): the offence does not apply to an intimate image the portrayed individual voluntarily allows public exposure of, or one portrayed in a lawful commercial setting.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-203(4)(b)-(c): the offence does not apply to an intimate image the portrayed individual voluntarily allows public exposure of, or one portrayed in a lawful commercial setting.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“an intimate image if the individual portrayed in the image voluntarily allows public exposure of the image; (c) an intimate image that is portrayed in a lawful commercial setting;”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S203_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "an intimate image if the individual portrayed in the image voluntarily allows public exposure of the image; (c) an intimate image that is portrayed in a lawful commercial setting;",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-203",
      "topic": "Intimate image: voluntary exposure and lawful commercial setting",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_counterfeit_def",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-205: Counterfeit (synthetic or altered) intimate image defined",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-205(1)(a)(ii): a counterfeit intimate image is a visual depiction that has been edited, manipulated, generated or altered to depict the likeness of an identifiable individual and purports to depict that individual's exposed genitals, breast or sexually explicit conduct.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-205(1)(a)(ii): a counterfeit intimate image is a visual depiction that has been edited, manipulated, generated or altered to depict the likeness of an identifiable individual and purports to depict that individual's exposed genitals, breast or sexually explicit conduct.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“\"Counterfeit intimate image\" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image , picture, or video, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that has been edited, manipulated, generated, or altered to depict the likeness of an identifiable individual and purports to, or is made to appear to, depict that individual's: (A) exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (B) a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or (C) the individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct or simulated sexually explicit conduct.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S205_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "\"Counterfeit intimate image\" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image , picture, or video, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that has been edited, manipulated, generated, or altered to depict the likeness of an identifiable individual and purports to, or is made to appear to, depict that individual's: (A) exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (B) a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or (C) the individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct or simulated sexually explicit conduct.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-205",
      "topic": "Counterfeit (synthetic or altered) intimate image defined",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_counterfeit_offence",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-205: Distribution of a counterfeit intimate image: elements and penalty",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-205(2)-(3): knowingly or intentionally distributing a counterfeit intimate image that the actor knows would cause a reasonable person distress, without the depicted individual's consent, is a class A misdemeanor (third degree felony on a second offence); it is a third degree felony where the depicted person is a child.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-205(2)-(3): knowingly or intentionally distributing a counterfeit intimate image that the actor knows would cause a reasonable person distress, without the depicted individual's consent, is a class A misdemeanor (third degree felony on a second offence); it is a third degree felony where the depicted person is a child.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“the actor knowingly or intentionally distributes a counterfeit intimate image that the actor knows or should reasonably know would cause a reasonable person to suffer emotional or physical distress or harm, if: (i) the actor has not received consent from the depicted individual to distribute the counterfeit intimate image; and (ii) the counterfeit intimate image was created or provided by the actor without the knowledge and consent of the depicted individual.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S205_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "the actor knowingly or intentionally distributes a counterfeit intimate image that the actor knows or should reasonably know would cause a reasonable person to suffer emotional or physical distress or harm, if: (i) the actor has not received consent from the depicted individual to distribute the counterfeit intimate image; and (ii) the counterfeit intimate image was created or provided by the actor without the knowledge and consent of the depicted individual.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-205",
      "topic": "Distribution of a counterfeit intimate image: elements and penalty",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_counterfeit_exempt",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-205: Counterfeit intimate image: lawful commercial setting exception",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-205(4)(c)-(d): the section does not apply to a counterfeit intimate image portrayed in a lawful commercial setting, or one related to a matter of public concern or protected by the First Amendment or Utah Constitution.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-205(4)(c)-(d): the section does not apply to a counterfeit intimate image portrayed in a lawful commercial setting, or one related to a matter of public concern or protected by the First Amendment or Utah Constitution.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“a counterfeit intimate image that is portrayed in a lawful commercial setting; or (d) a counterfeit intimate image that is related to a matter of public concern or interest or protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution or Article I, Sections 1 and 15 of the Utah Constitution.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S205_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "a counterfeit intimate image that is portrayed in a lawful commercial setting; or (d) a counterfeit intimate image that is related to a matter of public concern or interest or protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution or Article I, Sections 1 and 15 of the Utah Constitution.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-205",
      "topic": "Counterfeit intimate image: lawful commercial setting exception",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_platform_exempt",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203: Intimate image: internet service provider and hosting company exemption",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203(5): the section does not apply to an internet service provider or hosting company whose distribution is only incidental, which does not intentionally aid or abet and does not knowingly receive an above-normal fee as a condition of permitting the distribution.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-203(5): the section does not apply to an internet service provider or hosting company whose distribution is only incidental, which does not intentionally aid or abet and does not knowingly receive an above-normal fee as a condition of permitting the distribution.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“This section does not apply to a hosting company, as defined in Section 76-5c-401 , if: (i) the distribution of an intimate image by the hosting company occurs only incidentally through the hosting company's function of providing data storage space or data caching to a person; (ii) the hosting company does not intentionally engage, aid, or abet in the distribution of the intimate image; and (iii) the hosting company does not knowingly receive from or through a person who distributes the intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged by the provider, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute, store, or cache the intimate image.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S203_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "This section does not apply to a hosting company, as defined in Section 76-5c-401 , if: (i) the distribution of an intimate image by the hosting company occurs only incidentally through the hosting company's function of providing data storage space or data caching to a person; (ii) the hosting company does not intentionally engage, aid, or abet in the distribution of the intimate image; and (iii) the hosting company does not knowingly receive from or through a person who distributes the intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged by the provider, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute, store, or cache the intimate image.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-203",
      "topic": "Intimate image: internet service provider and hosting company exemption",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_limitation",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-1-302: Criminal limitation period: felony and misdemeanor",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-1-302(1): unless another provision says otherwise, a felony prosecution must be commenced within four years and a misdemeanor within two years after the offence.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-1-302(1): unless another provision says otherwise, a felony prosecution must be commenced within four years and a misdemeanor within two years after the offence.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“a felony or negligent homicide shall be commenced within four years after it is committed; (b) a misdemeanor other than negligent homicide shall be commenced within two years after it is committed;”\n\nNote: Applies to 76-5b-203 and 76-5b-205 (class A misdemeanor first offence, so two years) unless a more specific provision changes it; none found in those sections.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter1/C76-1-S302_2026050620260506.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "a felony or negligent homicide shall be commenced within four years after it is committed; (b) a misdemeanor other than negligent homicide shall be commenced within two years after it is committed;",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-1-302",
      "topic": "Criminal limitation period: felony and misdemeanor",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_counterfeit_civil",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 13-72b-303: Civil action against a covered platform for counterfeit intimate images",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 13-72b-303: an injured person may sue a covered platform that knowingly allows distribution of a counterfeit intimate image without consent; actual damages need not be alleged, and the plaintiff may recover actual damages including emotional distress, punitive damages for willful, reckless or malicious violations, and attorney fees and costs.",
      "body": "Utah Code 13-72b-303: an injured person may sue a covered platform that knowingly allows distribution of a counterfeit intimate image without consent; actual damages need not be alleged, and the plaintiff may recover actual damages including emotional distress, punitive damages for willful, reckless or malicious violations, and attorney fees and costs.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“A plaintiff in an action under this section is entitled to recover: (a) actual damages sustained, if any, including damages for emotional distress; (b) punitive damages, if the violation is found to be willful, reckless, or malicious; and (c) reasonable attorney fees and costs.”\n\nNote: Chapter 13-72b (Digital Voyeurism Prevention Act) section pages show 'Effective 1/1/2027'. Its definitions refer to the federal Take It Down Act; that federal rule is named here in notes only.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title13/Chapter72b/C13-72b-S303_2026050620270101.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "A plaintiff in an action under this section is entitled to recover: (a) actual damages sustained, if any, including damages for emotional distress; (b) punitive damages, if the violation is found to be willful, reckless, or malicious; and (c) reasonable attorney fees and costs.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 13-72b-303",
      "topic": "Civil action against a covered platform for counterfeit intimate images",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_counterfeit_sol",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 13-72b-303: Limitation period for the civil action",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 13-72b-303(6): the statute of limitations is the later of three years from discovery or 10 years from the violation.",
      "body": "Utah Code 13-72b-303(6): the statute of limitations is the later of three years from discovery or 10 years from the violation.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“The statute of limitations for a civil action under this section is the later of: (a) three years from the date the plaintiff discovered or reasonably should have discovered the violation; or (b) 10 years from the date of the violation.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title13/Chapter72b/C13-72b-S303_2026050620270101.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "The statute of limitations for a civil action under this section is the later of: (a) three years from the date the plaintiff discovered or reasonably should have discovered the violation; or (b) 10 years from the date of the violation.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 13-72b-303",
      "topic": "Limitation period for the civil action",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_takedown",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 13-72b-302: Takedown duty for covered platforms: 48 hours",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 13-72b-302(2)(c): a covered platform shall remove a reported counterfeit intimate image within 48 hours after receiving a compliant notice and make reasonable efforts to remove identical copies.",
      "body": "Utah Code 13-72b-302(2)(c): a covered platform shall remove a reported counterfeit intimate image within 48 hours after receiving a compliant notice and make reasonable efforts to remove identical copies.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“upon receiving notice that meets the requirements established in the Take It Down Act, removing the reported counterfeit intimate image within 48 hours after receiving the notice;”\n\nNote: Effective 1/1/2027 per the section page heading.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title13/Chapter72b/C13-72b-S302_2026050620270101.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "upon receiving notice that meets the requirements established in the Take It Down Act, removing the reported counterfeit intimate image within 48 hours after receiving the notice;",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 13-72b-302",
      "topic": "Takedown duty for covered platforms: 48 hours",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_gen_service",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 13-72b-201: Generation services may not distribute a counterfeit intimate image without consent",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 13-72b-201(2): a generation service may not distribute a counterfeit intimate image without first obtaining consent from the identifiable individual depicted.",
      "body": "Utah Code 13-72b-201(2): a generation service may not distribute a counterfeit intimate image without first obtaining consent from the identifiable individual depicted.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“A generation service may not distribute a counterfeit intimate image without first obtaining consent from the identifiable individual depicted in the counterfeit intimate image.”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title13/Chapter72b/C13-72b-S201_2026050620270101.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "A generation service may not distribute a counterfeit intimate image without first obtaining consent from the identifiable individual depicted in the counterfeit intimate image.",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 13-72b-201",
      "topic": "Generation services may not distribute a counterfeit intimate image without consent",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_misuse",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203.5: Misuse of an intimate image during a criminal action",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203.5(2)-(3): obtaining access to an intimate image in a criminal action and intentionally displaying, duplicating or sharing it outside the listed exceptions is a class A misdemeanor, a third degree felony for each subsequent offence.",
      "body": "Utah Code 76-5b-203.5(2)-(3): obtaining access to an intimate image in a criminal action and intentionally displaying, duplicating or sharing it outside the listed exceptions is a class A misdemeanor, a third degree felony for each subsequent offence.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“An actor commits misuse of an intimate image during a criminal action if the actor: (a) obtains access to an intimate image in the course of a criminal action; and”",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S203.5_2022050420220504.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "VERIFIED RULE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "An actor commits misuse of an intimate image during a criminal action if the actor: (a) obtains access to an intimate image in the course of a criminal action; and",
      "volatility": "low",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-203.5",
      "topic": "Misuse of an intimate image during a criminal action",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "failed",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "hollow_body",
          "strong_label_on_weak_content"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "learn_r847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_847_utah_revenge_porn_and_deepfake_laws_no_private_civil",
      "category": "Safety",
      "title": "[Unverified - being checked] Utah Code 76-5b-203: No civil cause of action inside the intimate-image criminal section",
      "summary": "[Unverified - being checked] Section 76-5b-203 sets criminal penalties and exceptions but, in the text read, creates no private civil cause of action, statutory damages figure or attorney-fee clause for a non-counterfeit intimate image; the only civil actions found for counterfeit images are in chapter 13-72b.",
      "body": "Section 76-5b-203 sets criminal penalties and exceptions but, in the text read, creates no private civil cause of action, statutory damages figure or attorney-fee clause for a non-counterfeit intimate image; the only civil actions found for counterfeit images are in chapter 13-72b.\n\nWhat Utah Legislature (Utah Code) actually says:\n\n“A violation of Subsection (2) is a class A misdemeanor.”\n\nNote: ABSENCE RECORD (inferred from an index/listing or page that does not mention it, not from operative text). Read the whole of 76-5b-203; searched Title 78B and Title 76 section headings for 'intimate' and found none beyond 76-5b-203, 203.5, 205 and chapter 13-72b.",
      "source_type": "official",
      "source_link": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5b/C76-5b-S203_2025050720250507.html",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-19",
      "reliability": "STRONG PRACTICE",
      "source_tier": "A",
      "source_publisher": "Utah Legislature (Utah Code)",
      "evidence_quote": "A violation of Subsection (2) is a class A misdemeanor.",
      "volatility": "medium",
      "from_batch": "847-utah-revenge-porn-and-deepfake-laws",
      "subject": "Utah Code 76-5b-203",
      "topic": "No civil cause of action inside the intimate-image criminal section",
      "applies_to_country": "US",
      "applies_to_scope": "UT",
      "tags": {
        "lane": "any",
        "stage": "setting_up",
        "region": [
          "us-ut"
        ],
        "platform": "any",
        "topic": [
          "unclassified"
        ],
        "explicitness": "any"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "unverified",
        "label": "Unverified - being checked",
        "reasons": [
          "legal_fetch_over_cap"
        ],
        "checked_utc": "20261021-123916Z"
      }
    }
  ]
}